Pesticidally active heterocyclic derivatives with sulphur containing substituents

ABSTRACT

Compounds of formula (I), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim  1 , and the agrochemically acceptable salts salts, stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of those compounds, can be used as insecticides and can be prepared in a manner known per se.

RELATED APPLICATION INFORMATION

This application is a 371 of International Application No. PCT/EP2015/056559, filed 26 Mar. 2015, which claims priority to EP 14162293.6, filed 28 Mar. 2014, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference herein.

The present invention relates to insecticidally active heterocyclic derivatives containing sulphur substituents, to processes for their preparation, to compositions comprising those compounds, and to their use for controlling animal pests (including arthropods and in particular insects or representatives of the order Acarina).

Heterocyclic compounds with pesticidal action are known and described, for example, in WO 2010/125985 and WO 2013/018928.

There have now been found novel pesticidally active heterocyclic triazole derivatives with sulphur containing phenyl- and pyridyl substituents.

The present invention accordingly relates to compounds of formula I,

wherein G₁ is nitrogen or CR₂; G₂ is nitrogen or CR₃; G₃ is nitrogen or CR₄; G₄ is nitrogen or CR₅; G₅ is nitrogen or CR₆, with the proviso that not more than 2 nitrogens as G may follow consecutively; R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅ or R₆ are, independently from each other, hydrogen, halogen, C₁-C₄haloalkyl, C₁-C₄haloalkyl substituted by one or two hydroxy, C₁-C₄haloalkyl substituted by one or two methoxy, C₁-C₄haloalkyl substituted by one or two cyano; or R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅ or R₆ are, independently from each other, C₁-C₄haloalkylthio, C₁-C₄haloalkylsulfonyl, O(C₁-C₄haloalkyl), SF₅, phenylcarbonylthio, cyano, mercapto, C₁-C₄alkoxycarbonyl, or —C(O)C₁-C₄haloalkyl; or two adjacent R_(i), wherein R_(i) is selected from R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅ and R₆, taken together may form a fragment —OCH₂O— or —OCF₂O—; Q is a radical selected from the group consisting of formula Q₁ to Q₂

wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the triazole ring; and wherein X is S, SO or SO₂; each R is, independently from each other, hydrogen, halogen, C₁-C₄haloalkoxy or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; each R₁ is, independently from each other, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄alkyl, C₃-C₆halocycloalkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆haloalkenyl or C₂-C₆alkynyl; and each R₇ is, independently from each other, hydrogen or halogen; and R₈ is hydrogen, C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; and agrochemically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of those compounds; with the exception of 2-[5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-3-methylsulfanyl-pyridine; 2-[5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine; and 2-[5-(4-n-pentylphenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-3-methylsulfonyl-pyridine.

Compounds of formula I which have at least one basic centre can form, for example, acid addition salts, for example with strong inorganic acids such as mineral acids, for example perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, nitrose acid, a phosphorus acid or a hydrohalic acid, with strong organic carboxylic acids, such as C₁-C₄alkanecarboxylic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, for example acetic acid, such as saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, for example oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or phthalic acid, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example ascorbic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or citric acid, or such as benzoic acid, or with organic sulfonic acids, such as C₁-C₄alkane- or arylsulfonic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, for example methane- or p-toluenesulfonic acid. Compounds of formula I which have at least one acidic group can form, for example, salts with bases, for example mineral salts such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, or salts with ammonia or an organic amine, such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower-alkylamine, for example ethyl-, diethyl-, triethyl- or dimethylpropylamine, or a mono-, di- or trihydroxy-lower-alkylamine, for example mono-, di- or triethanolamine.

The alkyl groups occurring in the definitions of the substituents can be straight-chain or branched and are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, nonyl, decyl and their branched isomers. Alkoxy, alkenyl and alkynyl radicals are derived from the alkyl radicals mentioned. The alkenyl and alkynyl groups can be mono- or polyunsaturated.

Halogen is generally fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. This also applies, correspondingly, to halogen in combination with other meanings, such as haloalkyl or halophenyl.

Haloalkyl groups preferably have a chain length of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Haloalkyl is, for example, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoro-2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoroethyl and 2,2,2-trichloroethyl; preferably trichloromethyl, difluorochloromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl and dichlorofluoromethyl.

Alkoxy groups preferably have a preferred chain length of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Alkoxy is, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy and tert-butoxy and also the isomeric pentyloxy and hexyloxy radicals; preferably methoxy and ethoxy.

Alkoxyalkyl groups preferably have a chain length of 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Alkoxyalkyl is, for example, methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, n-propoxymethyl, n-propoxyethyl, isopropoxymethyl or isopropoxyethyl.

The cycloalkyl groups preferably have from 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms, for example cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.

According to the present invention, O(C₁-C₄haloalkyl) is equivalent to C₁-C₄haloalkoxy. Haloalkoxy groups preferably have a chain length of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Haloalkoxy is, for example, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy or 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.

According to the present invention, when two adjacent R_(i), wherein R_(i) is selected from R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅ and R₆, taken together form a fragment —OCH₂O— or —OCF₂O— then an additional five-membered dioxolane or difluoro-dioxolane ring is formed. For example, a compound of formula I, wherein G₂ is CR₃, G₃ is CR₄ and in which R₃ and R₄ taken together form the fragment —OCF₂O—, has the following structure:

According to the present invention, when two groups G are nitrogen then the radical consisting of G₁ to G₅ together with the carbon atom to which G₁ and G₅ are attached form a diazine ring. The diazine ring may be selected from the group consisting of pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl and pyridazinyl.

In a preferred group of compounds of formula I,

R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅ or R₆ are, independently from each other, hydrogen, halogen, C₁-C₄haloalkyl, C₁-C₄haloalkyl substituted by one or two hydroxy, C₁-C₄haloalkyl substituted by one or two methoxy; or

R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅ or R₆ are, independently from each other, C₁-C₄haloalkylthio, C₁-C₄haloalkylsulfonyl, O(C₁-C₄haloalkyl), SF₅, phenylcarbonylthio, cyano, mercapto or C₁-C₄alkoxycarbonyl and each R is, independently from each other, hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₄haloalkyl.

A preferred group of compounds of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula I-1

wherein G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄, and G₅ are as defined under formula I above; and wherein X₁ is S, SO or SO₂; Ra₁ is hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; and R₁₁ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl or cyclopropylmethyl; R₈ is as defined above under formula I, preferably methyl, and agrochemically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of those compounds.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula I-1 wherein G₁ is N, G₂ is CH, G₃ is CH, G₄ is C(CF₃) and G₅ is CH or G₁ is CH, G₂ is N, G₃ is CH, G₄ is C(CF₃) and G₅ is CH.

Preferred compounds of formula I-1 have G₁, G₂, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₃ defined as C(CF₃). Other preferred compounds of formula I-1 have G₁, G₃, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₂ defined as C(CF₃).

Also preferred are compounds of formula I-1 with G₁ defined as N, G₂ defined as C(CF₃), and G₃, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH.

Yet other preferred compounds of formula I-1 have G₁ defined as N, G₃ defined as C(CF₃), and G₂, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH.

Further preferred compounds of formula I-1 have G₁ defined as N, G₄ defined as C(CF₃), and G₂, G₃ and G₅ defined as CH.

Other preferred compounds of formula I-1 have G₁, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH, G₂ defined as N and G₃ defined as C(CF₃).

Also preferred are compounds of formula I-1 with G₁, G₃ and G₅ defined as CH, G₂ defined as N and G₄ defined as C(CF₃).

Yet other preferred compounds of formula I-1 have G₁, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH, G₃ defined as N and G₂ defined as C(CF₃).

Another group of preferred compounds of formula I-1 have G₁ and G₃ defined as N, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₂ defined as C(CF₃).

Other preferred compounds of formula I-1 have G₁ and G₄ defined as N, G₂ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₃ defined as C(CF₃).

Also preferred are compounds of formula I-1 with G₁ and G₄ defined as N, G₃ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₂ defined as C(CF₃).

Yet other preferred compounds of formula I-1 have G₁ and G₅ defined as N, G₂ and G₄ defined as CH, and G₃ defined as C(CF₃).

Further preferred compounds of formula I-1 have G₁ and G₅ defined as N, G₃ and G₄ defined as CH, and G₂ defined as C(CF₃).

Other preferred compounds of formula I-1 have G₂ and G₄ defined as N, G₁ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₃ defined as C(CF₃).

Also preferred are compounds of formula I-1 with G₁ and G₂ defined as N, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₃ defined as C(CF₃).

Yet other preferred compounds of formula I-1 have G₁ and G₂ defined as N, G₃ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₄ defined as C(CF₃).

In further preferred compounds of formula I-1, G₁ and G₃ are N, G₂ and G₅ are CH, and G₄ is C(CF₃).

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-1, G₁ is N, G₂ is CH or C(halogen), G₃ is CH, G₄ is C(CF₃) and G₅ is CH.

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-1, G₁ is CH, G₂ is N, G₃ is CH, G₄ is C(CF₃) or C(CN) and G₅ is CH.

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-1, G₁ is CH, G₂ is N, G₃ is C(CF₃), C(CN) or C(halogen), G₄ is CH and G₅ is CH.

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-1, G₁ is CH, G₂ is CH, G₃ is N, G₄ is C(CF₃) or C(halogen) and G₅ is CH.

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-1, G₁ is N, G₂ is CH, G₃ is C(CF₃), G₄ is CH and G₅ is CH.

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-1, G₁ is N, G₂ is C(CF₃) or C(CN), G₃ is CH, G₄ is CH and G₅ is CH.

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-1, G₁ is CH, G₂ is CH, G₃ is C(CF₃), C(OCF₃), C(CN) or C(halogen), G₄ is CH and G₅ is CH.

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-1, G₁ is CH, G₂ is C(CF₃), C(OCF₃), C(CN) or C(halogen), G₃ is CH, G₄ is CH and G₅ is CH. In said especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-1, R₈ is preferably methyl.

Another preferred group of compounds of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula I-2

wherein G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄, and G₅ are as defined under formula I above; and wherein X₂ is S, SO or SO₂; Ra₂ is hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; and R₁₂ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl or cyclopropylmethyl; R₈ is as defined above under formula I, preferably methyl, and agrochemically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of those compounds.

Preferred compounds of formula I-2 have G₁, G₂, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₃ defined as C(CF₃).

Other preferred compounds of formula I-2 have G₁, G₃, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₂ defined as C(CF₃).

Also preferred are compounds of formula I-2 with G₁ defined as N, G₂ defined as C(CF₃), and G₃, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH.

Yet other preferred compounds of formula I-2 have G₁ defined as N, G₃ defined as C(CF₃), and G₂, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH.

Further preferred compounds of formula I-2 have G₁ defined as N, G₄ defined as C(CF₃), and G₂, G₃ and G₅ defined as CH.

Other preferred compounds of formula I-2 have G₁, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH, G₂ defined as N and G₃ defined as C(CF₃).

Also preferred are compounds of formula I-2 with G₁, G₃ and G₅ defined as CH, G₂ defined as N and G₄ defined as C(CF₃).

Yet other preferred compounds of formula I-2 have G₁, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH, G₃ defined as N and G₂ defined as C(CF₃).

Another group of preferred compounds of formula I-2 have G₁ and G₃ defined as N, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₂ defined as C(CF₃).

Other preferred compounds of formula I-2 have G₁ and G₄ defined as N, G₂ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₃ defined as C(CF₃).

Also preferred are compounds of formula I-2 with G₁ and G₄ defined as N, G₃ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₂ defined as C(CF₃).

Yet other preferred compounds of formula I-2 have G₁ and G₅ defined as N, G₂ and G₄ defined as CH, and G₃ defined as C(CF₃).

Further preferred compounds of formula I-2 have G₁ and G₅ defined as N, G₃ and G₄ defined as CH, and G₂ defined as C(CF₃).

Other preferred compounds of formula I-2 have G₂ and G₄ defined as N, G₁ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₃ defined as C(CF₃).

Also preferred are compounds of formula I-2 with G₁ and G₂ defined as N, G₄ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₃ defined as C(CF₃).

Yet other preferred compounds of formula I-2 have G₁ and G₂ defined as N, G₃ and G₅ defined as CH, and G₄ defined as C(CF₃).

In further preferred compounds of formula I-2, G₁ and G₃ are N, G₂ and G₅ are CH, and G₄ is C(CF₃).

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-2, G₁ is N, G₂ is CH or C(halogen), G₃ is CH, G₄ is C(CF₃) and G₅ is CH.

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-2, G₁ is CH, G₂ is N, G₃ is CH, G₄ is C(CF₃) or C(CN) and G₅ is CH.

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-2, G₁ is CH, G₂ is N, G₃ is C(CF₃), C(CN) or C(halogen), G₄ is CH and G₅ is CH.

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-2, G₁ is CH, G₂ is CH, G₃ is N, G₄ is C(CF₃) or C(halogen) and G₅ is CH.

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-2, G₁ is N, G₂ is CH, G₃ is C(CF₃), G₄ is CH and G₅ is CH.

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-2, G₁ is N, G₂ is C(CF₃) or C(CN), G₃ is CH, G₄ is CH and G₅ is CH.

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-2, G₁ is CH, G₂ is CH, G₃ is C(CF₃), C(OCF₃), C(CN) or C(halogen), G₄ is CH and G₅ is CH.

In an especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-2, G₁ is CH, G₂ is C(CF₃), C(OCF₃), C(CN) or C(halogen), G₃ is CH, G₄ is CH and G₅ is CH. In said especially preferred group of compounds of formula I-2, R₈ is preferably methyl.

A further preferred embodiment of the invention comprises compounds of formula I represented by the compounds of formula I-3

wherein A is N or CH; R₁₀ is phenyl mono- or polysubstituted by substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C₁-C₄haloalkoxy, C₁-C₄alkoxycarbonyl or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; or R₁₀ is phenyl substituted by a fragment OCF₂O on two adjacent positions; or R₁₀ is pyridyl mono- or polysubstituted by substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C₁-C₄haloalkoxy or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; or R₁₀ is pyridyl substituted by a fragment OCF₂O on two adjacent positions; X₃ is S, SO or SO₂, in particular S or SO₂; Ra₃ is hydrogen, C₁-C₄haloalkoxy or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; R₁₃ is C₁-C₄alkyl or C₃-C₆cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl or cyclopropylmethyl; R₈ is hydrogen or C₁-C₄alkyl, in particular methyl or ethyl; and agrochemically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of the compounds of formula I-3.

In said preferred embodiment comprising compounds of formula I-3, R₁₀ is preferably phenyl or pyridyl monosubstituted by substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C₁-C₄haloalkoxy or C₁-C₄haloalkyl. Especially preferred is a substituent selected from fluorine, chlorine, cyano, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethyl or pentafluoroethyl.

A further preferred embodiment of the invention comprises compounds of formula I represented by the compounds of formula I-4

wherein A is N or CH; R₁₀′ is a diazine radical selected from the group consisting of formula DA1 to DA5,

wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the triazole ring, and said group R₁₀′ may be mono- or polysubstituted by substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C₁-C₄haloalkoxy or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; X₄ is S, SO or SO₂, in particular S or SO₂; Ra₄ is hydrogen, C₁-C₄haloalkoxy or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; R₁₄ is C₁-C₄alkyl or C₃-C₆cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl or cyclopropylmethyl; R₈ is hydrogen or C₁-C₄alkyl, in particular methyl or ethyl; and agrochemically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of the compounds of formula I-4.

In said preferred embodiment comprising compounds of formula I-4, R₁₀′ is preferably a diazine radical selected from the group consisting of formula DA1 to DA5 monosubstituted by substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C₁-C₄haloalkoxy or C₁-C₄haloalkyl. Especially preferred for R₁₀′ is a substituent selected from fluorine, chlorine, cyano, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethyl or pentafluoroethyl. Yet further preferred compounds of formula I-4 have R₁₀′ defined as DA5, wherein R₁₀, is monosubstituted by substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C₁-C₄haloalkoxy or C₁-C₄haloalkyl, in particular by fluorine, chlorine, cyano, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethyl or pentafluoroethyl.

The process according to the invention for preparing compounds of formula I is carried out in principle by methods known to those skilled in the art. More specifically, the subgroup of compounds of formula I, wherein X is SO (sulfoxide) and/or SO₂ (sulfone), may be obtained by means of an oxidation reaction of the corresponding sulfide compounds of formula I, wherein X is S, involving reagents such as, for example, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA), hydrogen peroxide, oxone, sodium periodate, sodium hypochlorite or tert-butyl hypochlorite amongst other oxidants. The oxidation reaction is generally conducted in the presence of a solvent. Examples of the solvent to be used in the reaction include aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and chloroform; alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; acetic acid; water; and mixtures thereof. The amount of the oxidant to be used in the reaction is generally 1 to 3 moles, preferably 1 to 1.2 moles, relative to 1 mole of the sulfide compounds I to produce the sulfoxide compounds I, and preferably 2 to 2.2 moles of oxidant, relative to 1 mole of the sulfide compounds I to produce the sulfone compounds I. Such oxidation reactions are disclosed, for example, in WO 2013/018928.

The subgroup of compounds of formula I, wherein X is S (sulfide) and wherein Q, R₈, G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄, and G₅ are as defined above,

may be prepared by reacting an amidine compound of formula II, or a salt thereof (such as a hydrohalide salt, preferably a hydrochloride or a hydrobromide salt, or any other equivalent salt), wherein R₈, G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄, and G₅ are as defined above, with a hydrazide compound of formula III, or a salt thereof, wherein Q is as defined above and wherein X is S (sulfide), optionally in presence of a base such as alkali metal carbonates, for example sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethyl-acetamide, at temperatures between 0 and 200° C., preferably between 50 and 150° C., optionally under microwave irradiation. Such a process may be carried out in analogy to, for example, G. Bonanomi et al., Chem Med Chem 2010, 5, 705-715. The compounds of formula II may be reacted with any configuration (E or Z, or any mixture thereof) on the carbon-nitrogen double bond.

Compounds of formula II, or a salt thereof (such as a hydrohalide salt, preferably a hydrochloride or a hydrobromide salt, or any other equivalent salt), wherein R₈, G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄, and G₅ are as defined above,

may be prepared by reacting a nitrile compound of formula IV, wherein G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄, and G₅ are as defined above, sequentially with i) a catalytic amount, preferably 0.01 to 0.5 equivalent, of an alkoxide, preferably sodium methoxide NaOMe or sodium ethoxide NaOEt, in an alcoholic solvent, such as methanol or ethanol, at temperatures between 0 and 100° C., to generate an imidate intermediate of the formula INT₁ (or a salt and/or a tautomer thereof); followed by ii) treatment with an amine reagent of formula V R₈—NH₂  (V), or a salt thereof (such as a hydrohalide salt, preferably a hydrochloride or a hydrobromide salt, or any other equivalent salt), wherein R₈ is as defined above, optionally in the presence of an acid (such as a hydrohalide acid, preferably hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, or any other equivalent acid), at temperatures between 0-180° C., to generate an amidine intermediate of the formula INT₁ (or a salt and/or a tautomer thereof); followed by iii) treatment with an excess of the amine reagent of formula V, or a salt thereof (such as a hydrohalide salt, preferably a hydrochloride or a hydrobromide salt, or any other equivalent salt), wherein R₈ is as defined above, preferably in the presence of an acid (such as a hydrohalide acid, preferably hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, or any other equivalent acid), at temperatures between 0-180° C., to form the compound of the formula II, or a salt and/or a tautomer thereof. The compounds of formula II may be isolated with any configuration (E or Z, or any mixture thereof) on the carbon-nitrogen double bond. Steps ii) and iii) may be combined, for example to allow a direct formation of a compound of formula II from a compound of formula INT₁. Steps ii) and/or iii) may also be performed under microwave irradiation, each optionally also in a pressurized vessel. Compounds of the formula INT₁ may alternatively be prepared under conditions and variants of the Pinner reaction known to a person skilled in the art, typically by treating a compound of the formula IV with a hydrohalide acid, preferably hydrochloric acid, in presence of alcoholic reagents such as methanol or ethanol, preferably in an inert solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, at temperatures between −40 and 50° C., preferably between −20 and 20° C. The described process to prepare compounds of the formula II from compounds of the formula IV may include isolation and purification of the intermediates INT₁ and/or INT₂ (which may be isolated as free bases or as salts (e.g. a hydrohalide salt, more specifically a hydrochloride or hydrobromide salt, or any other equivalent salt)), however this process is advantageously conducted as a one-pot preparation. In the particular situation where R₈ is methyl or ethyl, the amine reagent of formula V may be engaged in the above reaction as a gas, as a salt (such as a hydrohalide salt, preferably a hydrochloride or a hydrobromide salt, or any other equivalent salt), or as a solution in solvents such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran or water.

Compounds of formula IV, wherein G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄, and G₅ are as defined above, are known compounds or can be prepared by known methods, described in the literature.

Compounds of the formula III, or a salt thereof, wherein Q is as defined above,

may be prepared by i) activation of compound of formula VI, wherein Q is as defined above, by methods known to those skilled in the art and described in, for example, Tetrahedron, 2005, 61 (46), 10827-10852, to form an activated species VIa, wherein Q is as defined above and wherein X₀₀ is halogen, preferably chlorine. For example, compounds VIa where X₀₀ is halogen, preferably chlorine, are formed by treatment of VI with, for example, oxallyl chloride (COCl)₂ or thionyl chloride SOCl₂ in the presence of catalytic quantities of N,N-dimethylformamide DMF in inert solvents such as methylene chloride CH₂Cl₂ or tetrahydrofuran THF at temperatures between 20 to 100° C., preferably 25° C. Alternatively, treatment of compounds of formula VI with, for example, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide EDC or dicyclohexyl carbodiimide DCC will generate an activated species VIa, wherein X₀₀ is X₀₁ or X₀₂ respectively, in an inert solvent, such as pyridine or tetrahydrofuran THF, optionally in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, at temperatures between 50-180° C.; followed by ii) Treatment of the activated species VIa with hydrazine NH₂NH₂ (or a salt thereof), possibly in form of a hydrate, preferably hydrazine monohydrate, optionally in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine or pyridine, in an inert solvents such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or toluene, at temperatures between 0 and 50° C., to form the compounds of formula III.

Alternatively, compounds of the formula III, or a salt thereof, wherein Q is as defined above, may be prepared by the direct action of hydrazine (or a salt thereof), possibly in form of a hydrate, preferably hydrazine monohydrate, on an ester derivative VIb

of the compound of formula VI, wherein Q is as defined above and wherein R₀₀ is C₁-C₄alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, at temperatures between 20 and 150° C. Such a process description may be found, for example, in M. H. Klingele et al, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 3422-3434.

Compounds of formula VI and VIb, wherein Q is as defined above, are known compounds or can be prepared by known methods, described in the literature.

Compounds of formula I, wherein Q, R₈, G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄, and G₅ are as defined in formula I and wherein X is S (sulfide),

can also be prepared by reacting a compound of formula VII, wherein R₈, G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄, and G₅ are as described in formula I and wherein Q_(a) is a radical selected from the group consisting of formula Q_(1a) to Q_(2a):

wherein R and R₇ are as defined in formula I, and wherein X₁₀ is a halogen, with a compound of formula VIII R₁—SH  (VIII), or a salt thereof, wherein R₁ is as defined in formula I, optionally in the presence of a suitable base, such as alkali metal carbonates, for example sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, or alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride, or alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, in an inert solvent at temperatures preferably between 25-120° C. Examples of solvent to be used include ethers such as THF, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tert-butylmethyl ether, and 1,4-dioxane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, nitriles such as acetonitrile or polar aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide. Examples of salts of the compound of formula VIII include compounds of the formula VIIIa R₁—S-M  (VIIIa), wherein R₁ is as defined above and wherein M is, for example, sodium or potassium.

Compounds of formula VII, wherein R₈, G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄, and G₅ are as defined above, and wherein Q_(a) is a radical selected from the group consisting of formula Q_(1a) to Q_(2a) described above,

may be prepared by reacting an amidine compound of formula II, or a salt thereof (such as a hydrohalide salt, preferably a hydrochloride or a hydrobromide salt, or any other equivalent salt), wherein R₈, G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄, and G₅ are as defined above, with a hydrazide compound of formula IIIa, or a salt thereof, wherein Q_(a) is a radical selected from the group consisting of formula Q_(1a) to Q_(2a) described above, optionally in presence of a base such as alkali metal carbonates, for example sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethyl-acetamide, at temperatures between 0 and 200° C., preferably between 50 and 150° C., optionally under microwave irradiation. Such a process may be carried out in analogy to, for example, G. Bonanomi et al., Chem Med Chem 2010, 5, 705-715. The compounds of formula II may be reacted with any configuration (E or Z, or any mixture thereof) on the carbon-nitrogen double bond.

Compounds of formula IIIa, or a salt thereof, wherein Q_(a) is as defined above, may be prepared in analogy to processes described above in the context of the preparation of compounds of the formula III.

Alternatively, compounds of formula I, wherein Q, R₈, G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄, and G₅ are as defined in formula I above,

can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (X), wherein Q and R₈ are as defined above, and wherein L_(G) is a halogen, preferably bromine or iodine, or a pseudohalogen such as C₁₋₄haloalkyl-sulfonate, especially triflate, with a compound of formula XI, wherein G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄ and G₅ are as defined above, and wherein R″ is for example hydrogen (in that case the compound of the formula XI is a boronic acid) or C₁-C₄alkyl (boronic ester), by means of a transition metal-catalyzed reaction. Indeed, the boronic acid of the formula XI, or a suitable salt or ester thereof, will react with a compound of the formula (X) under palladium- or nickel-catalyzed conditions, such as for example the Suzuki-Miyaura conditions. Such cross coupling reactions are carried out in the presence of a base, such as sodium, potassium or cesium carbonate, in an inert solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, dioxane or 1,2-dimethoxyethane, or such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane-water mixtures, at temperatures between 25-200° C., preferably 50-150° C., optionally under microwave irradiation. A variety of metals, catalysts and ligands may be used in this reaction type, such as for example [1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloro-palladium(II) (PdCl₂(dppf)) or bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(II) dichloride (PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂). Reaction conditions and catalytic systems for such a transformation have been described, for example, in WO08/071405. Alternative boron-based reagents of the formula type XI may include boronic esters (also named boronate esters) derived from 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol (XIa), 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol (XIb), and 1,3-propanediol (XIc), and salt analogues of XI, such as organotrifluoroborates, for example potassium trifluoroborate salts (XId).

Compounds of formula (X)

wherein Q and R₈ are as defined under formula I above, and wherein L_(G) is a halogen, preferably iodine or bromine, are novel and especially developed for the preparation of the compounds of formula I of this invention. The compounds of formula (X) therefore constitute a further object of the invention. The preferred substituent definitions for the compounds of formula I are also valid for the compounds of formula (X).

Compound of formula (X), wherein Q and R₈ are as defined above, and wherein L_(G) is a halogen, preferably bromine or iodine,

may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula XII, wherein Q and R₈ are as defined above, with a halogenation reagent such as N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) or N-iodosuccinimide (NIS), or alternatively chlorine, bromine or iodine. Such halogenation reactions are carried out in an inert solvent, such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, acetic acid, ethers, acetonitrile or N,N-dimethylformamide, at temperatures between 25-200° C., preferably 25-100° C., as described, for example, in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 52(14), 4370-4379, 2009.

Compounds of formula XII

wherein Q and R₈ are as defined under formula I above, are novel and especially developed for the preparation of the compounds of formula I of this invention. The compounds of formula XII therefore constitute a further object of the invention. The preferred substituent definitions for the compounds of formula I are also valid for the compounds of formula XII.

The subgroup of compounds of formula (X) or XII, wherein Q, R₈ and L_(G) are as defined above and wherein X is SO (sulfoxide) and/or SO₂ (sulfone), may be obtained by means of an oxidation reaction of the corresponding sulfide compounds of formula (X) or XII, wherein X is S (sulfide), involving reagents such as, for example, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA), hydrogen peroxide, oxone, sodium periodate, sodium hypochlorite or tert-butyl hypochlorite amongst other oxidants. The oxidation reaction is generally conducted in the presence of a solvent. Examples of the solvent to be used in the reaction include aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloro-methane and chloroform; alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; acetic acid; water; and mixtures thereof. The amount of the oxidant to be used in the reaction is generally 1 to 3 moles, preferably 2 to 2.2 moles of oxidant, relative to 1 mole of the sulfide compounds (X) or XII to produce the sulfone compounds (X) or XII. Such oxidation reactions have already been described above.

The subgroup of compounds of formula XII, wherein Q is Q₁ and X is S, and wherein R₈, R₁, R₇ and R are as defined above, defining compounds of formula XIIa,

may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula XIII, wherein R₈, R₇ and R are as defined above, and wherein X₁₂ is a halogen (preferably fluorine or chlorine), with a compound of formula VIII R₁—SH  (VIII), or a salt thereof, wherein R₁ is as defined in formula I, optionally in the presence of a suitable base, such as alkali metal carbonates, for example sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, or alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride, or alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, in an inert solvent at temperatures preferably between 25-120° C. Examples of solvent to be used include ethers such as THF, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tert-butylmethyl ether, and 1,4-dioxane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, nitriles such as acetonitrile or polar aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide. Examples of salts of the compound of formula VIII include compounds of the formula VIIIa R₁—S-M  (VIIIa), wherein R₁ is as defined above and wherein M is, for example, sodium or potassium.

Compounds of formula XIII, wherein R₈, R₇ and R are as defined above, and wherein X₁₂ is a halogen (preferably fluorine or chlorine),

may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula XIV, or a tautomer thereof, wherein R₈, R₇ and R are as defined above, and wherein X₁₂ is a halogen (preferably fluorine or chlorine), with an oxidant such as nitric acid, in the presence of water, optionally in the presence of an inert co-solvent, at temperatures preferably between 25-180° C. Such an oxidative desulfurization process of a 1,2,4-triazole thione compound of the formula XIV, which involves loss of sulfur dioxide (SO₂ gas evolution) from an intermediate sulfinic acid, is described, for example, in J. M. Kane et al., J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1995, 32, 183-87.

Compounds of formula XIV, or a tautomer thereof, wherein R₈, R₇ and R are as defined above, and wherein X₁₂ is a halogen (preferably fluorine or chlorine),

may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula XV, wherein R₈, R₇ and R are as defined above, and wherein X₁₂ is a halogen (preferably fluorine or chlorine), in the presence of a base, such as sodium, potassium or cesium carbonate, sodium or potassium hydrogen carbonate, tripotassium phosphate, sodium or potassium hydroxide, in an inert solvent, such as water, dioxane, methanol or ethanol, or mixtures thereof, at temperatures between 25-200° C., preferably 50-150° C., optionally under microwave irradiation, as described, for example, in Chem Med Chem, 8(6), 994-1001, 2013 and Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica, 36(3), 181-96, 1981. Compounds of formula XIV may exist as different tautomeric forms, or in mixtures thereof. Description in the literature about such thione-thiol tautomeric forms may be found, for example, in Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1973, 21, 1342-1350.

Compounds of formula XV, wherein R₈, R₇ and R are as defined above, and wherein X₁₂ is a halogen (preferably fluorine or chlorine),

may be prepared by i) activation of a compound of formula XVI, wherein X₁₂, R₇ and R are as defined above, by methods known to those skilled in the art and described in, for example, Tetrahedron, 2005, 61 (46), 10827-10852, to form an activated species XVIa, wherein X₁₂, R₇ and R are as defined above and wherein X₀₀ is halogen, preferably chlorine. For example, compounds XVIa where X₀₀ is halogen, preferably chlorine, are formed by treatment of XVI with, for example, oxallyl chloride (COCl)₂ or thionyl chloride SOCl₂ in the presence of catalytic quantities of N,N-dimethylformamide DMF in inert solvents such as methylene chloride CH₂Cl₂ or tetrahydrofuran THF at temperatures between 20 to 100° C., preferably 25° C. Alternatively, treatment of compounds of formula XVI with, for example, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide EDC or dicyclohexyl carbodiimide DCC will generate an activated species XVIa, wherein X₀₀ is X₀₁ or X₀₂ respectively, in an inert solvent, such as pyridine or tetrahydrofuran THF, optionally in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, at temperatures between 50-180° C.; followed by ii) treatment of the activated species XVIa with a thiosemicarbazide compound of formula XVII (or a salt thereof), wherein R₈ is as defined above, optionally in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine or pyridine, in an inert solvents such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or toluene, at temperatures between 0 and 50° C., to form the compounds of formula XV, as described, for example, in J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 125-132. Certain bases, such as pyridine and triethylamine, may be employed successfully as both base and solvent.

Alternatively, compounds of the formula XV, wherein X₁₂, R₈, R₇ and R are as defined above, may be prepared by reacting a hydrazide compound of formula XIX, wherein X₁₂, R₇ and R are as defined above, with an isothiocyanate reagent of the formula XXI, wherein R₈ is as defined above, in an inert solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile or N,N-dimethylformamide, at temperatures between 25-200° C., preferably 50-150° C., optionally under microwave irradiation, as described, for example, in J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 125-132.

Compounds of the formula XIX, or a salt thereof, wherein X₁₂, R₇ and R are as defined above, may be prepared by either the direct action of hydrazine XX (or a salt thereof), possibly in form of a hydrate, preferably hydrazine monohydrate, on an ester derivative XVIb of the compound of formula XVI, wherein X₁₂, R₇ and R are as defined above and wherein R₀₀ is C₁-C₄alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, at temperatures between 20 and 150° C., optionally under microwave irradiation. Such a process description may be found, for example, in M. H. Klingele et al, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 3422-3434. Alternatively, treatment of the activated species XVIa with hydrazine XX (or a salt thereof), possibly in form of a hydrate, preferably hydrazine monohydrate, optionally in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine or pyridine, in an inert solvents such as dichloro-methane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or toluene, at temperatures between 0 and 50° C., will also form the compounds of formula XIX.

Esters of formula XVIb, wherein X₁₂, R₇ and R are as defined above and wherein R₀₀ is C₁-C₄alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, may be prepared by either the direct action of an alcohol R₀₀-0H of formula XVIII, wherein R₀₀ is C₁-C₄alkyl, on compounds of formula XVIa, wherein X₁₂, R₇ and R are as defined above, or by means of an esterification reaction of compounds of formula XVI with an alcohol R₀₀—OH of formula XVIII, wherein R₀₀ is C₁-C₄alkyl, in the presence of a catalytic amount of an acid, such as hydrochloric acid HCl or sulfuric acid H₂SO₄, under refluxing conditions. Both of these methods are well known to a person skilled in the art and precedented in the literature.

Compounds of formula XVI and XVIb, wherein X₁₂, R₇ and R are as defined above and wherein R₀₀ is C₁-C₄alkyl, are known compounds or can be prepared by known methods, described in the literature. Reagents of formula XVII and XXI, wherein R₈ is as defined above, are known compounds or can be prepared by known methods, described in the literature.

The reactants can be reacted in the presence of a base. Examples of suitable bases are alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal amides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal dialkylamides or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkylsilylamides, alkylamines, alkylenediamines, free or N-alkylated saturated or unsaturated cycloalkylamines, basic heterocycles, ammonium hydroxides and carbocyclic amines. Examples which may be mentioned are sodium hydroxide, sodium hydride, sodium amide, sodium methoxide, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium tert-butoxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydride, lithium diisopropylamide, potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, calcium hydride, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, triethylenediamine, cyclohexylamine, N-cyclohexyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N,N-diethylaniline, pyridine, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine, quinuclidine, N-methylmorpholine, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU).

The reactants can be reacted with each other as such, i.e. without adding a solvent or diluent. In most cases, however, it is advantageous to add an inert solvent or diluent or a mixture of these. If the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, bases which are employed in excess, such as triethylamine, pyridine, N-methylmorpholine or N,N-diethylaniline, may also act as solvents or diluents.

The reaction is advantageously carried out in a temperature range from approximately −80° C. to approximately +140° C., preferably from approximately −30° C. to approximately +100° C., in many cases in the range between ambient temperature and approximately +80° C.

A compound of formula I can be converted in a manner known per se into another compound of formula I by replacing one or more substituents of the starting compound of formula I in the customary manner by (an)other substituent(s) according to the invention.

Depending on the choice of the reaction conditions and starting materials which are suitable in each case, it is possible, for example, in one reaction step only to replace one substituent by another substituent according to the invention, or a plurality of substituents can be replaced by other substituents according to the invention in the same reaction step.

Salts of compounds of formula I can be prepared in a manner known per se. Thus, for example, acid addition salts of compounds of formula I are obtained by treatment with a suitable acid or a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases are obtained by treatment with a suitable base or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent.

Salts of compounds of formula I can be converted in the customary manner into the free compounds I, acid addition salts, for example, by treatment with a suitable basic compound or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases, for example, by treatment with a suitable acid or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent.

Salts of compounds of formula I can be converted in a manner known per se into other salts of compounds of formula I, acid addition salts, for example, into other acid addition salts, for example by treatment of a salt of inorganic acid such as hydrochloride with a suitable metal salt such as a sodium, barium or silver salt, of an acid, for example with silver acetate, in a suitable solvent in which an inorganic salt which forms, for example silver chloride, is insoluble and thus precipitates from the reaction mixture.

Depending on the procedure or the reaction conditions, the compounds of formula I, which have salt-forming properties can be obtained in free form or in the form of salts.

The compounds of formula I and, where appropriate, the tautomers thereof, in each case in free form or in salt form, can be present in the form of one of the isomers which are possible or as a mixture of these, for example in the form of pure isomers, such as antipodes and/or diastereomers, or as isomer mixtures, such as enantiomer mixtures, for example racemates, diastereomer mixtures or racemate mixtures, depending on the number, absolute and relative configuration of asymmetric carbon atoms which occur in the molecule and/or depending on the configuration of non-aromatic double bonds which occur in the molecule; the invention relates to the pure isomers and also to all isomer mixtures which are possible and is to be understood in each case in this sense hereinabove and hereinbelow, even when stereochemical details are not mentioned specifically in each case.

Diastereomer mixtures or racemate mixtures of compounds of formula I, in free form or in salt form, which can be obtained depending on which starting materials and procedures have been chosen can be separated in a known manner into the pure diasteromers or racemates on the basis of the physicochemical differences of the components, for example by fractional crystallization, distillation and/or chromatography.

Enantiomer mixtures, such as racemates, which can be obtained in a similar manner can be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, for example by recrystallization from an optically active solvent, by chromatography on chiral adsorbents, for example high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on acetyl cellulose, with the aid of suitable microorganisms, by cleavage with specific, immobilized enzymes, via the formation of inclusion compounds, for example using chiral crown ethers, where only one enantiomer is complexed, or by conversion into diastereomeric salts, for example by reacting a basic end-product racemate with an optically active acid, such as a carboxylic acid, for example camphor, tartaric or malic acid, or sulfonic acid, for example camphorsulfonic acid, and separating the diastereomer mixture which can be obtained in this manner, for example by fractional crystallization based on their differing solubilities, to give the diastereomers, from which the desired enantiomer can be set free by the action of suitable agents, for example basic agents.

Pure diastereomers or enantiomers can be obtained according to the invention not only by separating suitable isomer mixtures, but also by generally known methods of diastereoselective or enantioselective synthesis, for example by carrying out the process according to the invention with starting materials of a suitable stereochemistry.

N-oxides can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula I with a suitable oxidizing agent, for example the H₂O₂/urea adduct in the presence of an acid anhydride, e.g. trifluoroacetic anhydride. Such oxidations are known from the literature, for example from J. Med. Chem., 32 (12), 2561-73, 1989 or WO 00/15615.

It is advantageous to isolate or synthesize in each case the biologically more effective isomer, for example enantiomer or diastereomer, or isomer mixture, for example enantiomer mixture or diastereomer mixture, if the individual components have a different biological activity.

The compounds of formula I and, where appropriate, the tautomers thereof, in each case in free form or in salt form, can, if appropriate, also be obtained in the form of hydrates and/or include other solvents, for example those which may have been used for the crystallization of compounds which are present in solid form.

The compounds according to the following Tables 1 to 6 below can be prepared according to the methods described above. The examples which follow are intended to illustrate the invention and show preferred compounds of formula I.

Table 1: This table discloses the 102 compounds 1.001 to 1.102 of the formula I-1a:

wherein X₁ is S, and Ra₁, R₁₁, G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄ and G₅ are as defined below:

TABLE 1 Comp. No Ra₁ R₁₁ G₁ G₂ G₃ G₄ G₅ 1.001 H —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CF₃) CH CH 1.002 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CF₃) CH CH 1.003 H —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₃) CH CH CH 1.004 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₃) CH CH CH 1.005 H —CH₂CH₃ N C(CF₃) CH CH CH 1.006 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N C(CF₃) CH CH CH 1.007 H —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH CH 1.008 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH CH 1.009 H —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₃) CH 1.010 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₃) CH 1.011 H —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) CH CH 1.012 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) CH CH 1.013 H —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₃) CH 1.014 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₃) CH 1.015 H —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₃) N CH CH 1.016 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₃) N CH CH 1.017 H —CH₃ CH CH C(CF₃) CH CH 1.018 CF₃ —CH₃ CH CH C(CF₃) CH CH 1.019 OCF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CF₃) CH CH 1.020 OCHF₂ —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CF₃) CH CH 1.021 CF₂CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CF₃) CH CH 1.022 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CN) CH CH 1.023 H —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(OCF₃) CH CH 1.024 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(OCF₃) CH CH 1.025 CF₃ —CH₃ CH CH C(OCF₃) CH CH 1.026 H —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 1.027 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 1.028 CF₃ —CH₃ CH CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 1.029 H —CH₃ CH C(CF₃) CH CH CH 1.030 CF₃ —CH₃ CH C(CF₃) CH CH CH 1.031 OCF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₃) CH CH CH 1.032 OCHF₂ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₃) CH CH CH 1.033 CF₂CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₃) CH CH CH 1.034 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CN) CH CH CH 1.035 H —CH₂CH₃ CH C(OCF₃) CH CH CH 1.036 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(OCF₃) CH CH CH 1.037 CF₃ —CH₃ CH C(OCF₃) CH CH CH 1.038 H —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH CH 1.039 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH CH 1.040 CF₃ —CH₃ CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH CH 1.041 H —CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH CH 1.042 CF₃ —CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH CH 1.043 OCF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH CH 1.044 OCHF₂ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH CH 1.045 CF₂CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH CH 1.046 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CN) CH CH 1.047 H —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(OCF₃) CH CH 1.048 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(OCF₃) CH CH 1.049 CF₃ —CH₃ N CH C(OCF₃) CH CH 1.050 H —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 1.051 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 1.052 CF₃ —CH₃ N CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 1.053 H —CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₃) CH 1.054 CF₃ —CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₃) CH 1.055 OCF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₃) CH 1.056 OCHF₂ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₃) CH 1.057 CF₂CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₃) CH 1.058 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CN) CH 1.059 H —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(OCF₃) CH 1.060 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(OCF₃) CH 1.061 CF₃ —CH₃ N CH CH C(OCF₃) CH 1.062 H —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH 1.063 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH 1.064 CF₃ —CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH 1.065 H —CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) CH CH 1.066 CF₃ —CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) CH CH 1.067 OCF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) CH CH 1.068 OCHF₂ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) CH CH 1.069 CF₂CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) CH CH 1.070 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CN) CH CH 1.071 H —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(OCF₃) CH CH 1.072 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(OCF₃) CH CH 1.073 CF₃ —CH₃ CH N C(OCF₃) CH CH 1.074 H —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 1.075 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 1.076 CF₃ —CH₃ CH N C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 1.077 H —CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₃) CH 1.078 CF₃ —CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₃) CH 1.079 OCF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₃) CH 1.080 OCHF₂ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₃) CH 1.081 CF₂CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₃) CH 1.082 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CN) CH 1.083 H —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(OCF₃) CH 1.084 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(OCF₃) CH 1.085 CF₃ —CH₃ CH N CH C(OCF₃) CH 1.086 H —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH 1.087 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH 1.088 CF₃ —CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH 1.089 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N —OCF2O— CH CH 1.090 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH —OCF2O— CH 1.091 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH —OCF2O— 1.092 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N —OCF2O— CH 1.093 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH —OCF2O— 1.094 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N C(CF₃) N CH CH 1.095 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH N C(CF₃) CH 1.096 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N C(CF₃) CH N CH 1.097 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) N CH 1.098 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N C(CF₃) CH CH N 1.099 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH N 1.100 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N N C(CF₃) CH CH 1.101 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N N CH C(CF₃) CH 1.102 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) N CH and the N-oxides of the compounds of Table 1.

Table 2: This table discloses the 102 compounds 2.001 to 2.102 of the formula I-1a, wherein X₁ is SO, and Ra₁, R₁₁, G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄ and G₅ are as defined in Table 1.

Table 3: This table discloses the 102 compounds 3.001 to 3.102 of the formula I-1a, wherein X₁ is SO₂, and Ra₁, R₁₁, G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄ and G₅ are as defined in Table 1.

Table 4: This table discloses the 102 compounds 4.001 to 4.102 of the formula I-2a:

wherein X₂ is S, and Ra₂, R₁₂, G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄ and G₅ are as defined below:

TABLE 4 Comp. No Ra₂ R₁₂ G₁ G₂ G₃ G₄ G₅ 4.001 H —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CF₃) CH CH 4.002 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CF₃) CH CH 4.003 H —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₃) CH CH CH 4.004 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₃) CH CH CH 4.005 H —CH₂CH₃ N C(CF₃) CH CH CH 4.006 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N C(CF₃) CH CH CH 4.007 H —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH CH 4.008 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH CH 4.009 H —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₃) CH 4.010 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₃) CH 4.011 H —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) CH CH 4.012 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) CH CH 4.013 H —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₃) CH 4.014 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₃) CH 4.015 H —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₃) N CH CH 4.016 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₃) N CH CH 4.017 H —CH₃ CH CH C(CF₃) CH CH 4.018 CF₃ —CH₃ CH CH C(CF₃) CH CH 4.019 OCF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CF₃) CH CH 4.020 OCHF₂ —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CF₃) CH CH 4.021 CF₂CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CF₃) CH CH 4.022 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CN) CH CH 4.023 H —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(OCF₃) CH CH 4.024 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(OCF₃) CH CH 4.025 CF₃ —CH₃ CH CH C(OCF₃) CH CH 4.026 H —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 4.027 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 4.028 CF₃ —CH₃ CH CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 4.029 H —CH₃ CH C(CF₃) CH CH CH 4.030 CF₃ —CH₃ CH C(CF₃) CH CH CH 4.031 OCF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₃) CH CH CH 4.032 OCHF₂ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₃) CH CH CH 4.033 CF₂CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₃) CH CH CH 4.034 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CN) CH CH CH 4.035 H —CH₂CH₃ CH C(OCF₃) CH CH CH 4.036 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(OCF₃) CH CH CH 4.037 CF₃ —CH₃ CH C(OCF₃) CH CH CH 4.038 H —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH CH 4.039 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH CH 4.040 CF₃ —CH₃ CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH CH 4.041 H —CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH CH 4.042 CF₃ —CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH CH 4.043 OCF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH CH 4.044 OCHF₂ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH CH 4.045 CF₂CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH CH 4.046 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CN) CH CH 4.047 H —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(OCF₃) CH CH 4.048 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(OCF₃) CH CH 4.049 CF₃ —CH₃ N CH C(OCF₃) CH CH 4.050 H —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 4.051 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 4.052 CF₃ —CH₃ N CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 4.053 H —CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₃) CH 4.054 CF₃ —CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₃) CH 4.055 OCF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₃) CH 4.056 OCHF₂ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₃) CH 4.057 CF₂CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₃) CH 4.058 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CN) CH 4.059 H —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(OCF₃) CH 4.060 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(OCF₃) CH 4.061 CF₃ —CH₃ N CH CH C(OCF₃) CH 4.062 H —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH 4.063 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH 4.064 CF₃ —CH₃ N CH CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH 4.065 H —CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) CH CH 4.066 CF₃ —CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) CH CH 4.067 OCF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) CH CH 4.068 OCHF₂ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) CH CH 4.069 CF₂CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) CH CH 4.070 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CN) CH CH 4.071 H —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(OCF₃) CH CH 4.072 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(OCF₃) CH CH 4.073 CF₃ —CH₃ CH N C(OCF₃) CH CH 4.074 H —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 4.075 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 4.076 CF₃ —CH₃ CH N C(CF₂CF₃) CH CH 4.077 H —CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₃) CH 4.078 CF₃ —CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₃) CH 4.079 OCF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₃) CH 4.080 OCHF₂ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₃) CH 4.081 CF₂CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₃) CH 4.082 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CN) CH 4.083 H —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(OCF₃) CH 4.084 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(OCF₃) CH 4.085 CF₃ —CH₃ CH N CH C(OCF₃) CH 4.086 H —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH 4.087 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH 4.088 CF₃ —CH₃ CH N CH C(CF₂CF₃) CH 4.089 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N —OCF2O— CH CH 4.090 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH —OCF2O— CH 4.091 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH CH —OCF2O— 4.092 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N —OCF2O— CH 4.093 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N CH —OCF2O— 4.094 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N C(CF₃) N CH CH 4.095 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH N C(CF₃) CH 4.096 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N C(CF₃) CH N CH 4.097 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) N CH 4.098 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N C(CF₃) CH CH N 4.099 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N CH C(CF₃) CH N 4.100 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N N C(CF₃) CH CH 4.101 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ N N CH C(CF₃) CH 4.102 CF₃ —CH₂CH₃ CH N C(CF₃) N CH and the N-oxides of the compounds of Table 4.

Table 5: This table discloses the 102 compounds 5.001 to 5.102 of the formula I-2a, wherein X₁ is SO, and Ra₂, R₁₂, G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄ and G₅ are as defined in Table 4.

Table 6: This table discloses the 102 compounds 6.001 to 6.102 of the formula I-2a, wherein X₁ is SO₂, and Ra₂, R₁₂, G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄ and G₅ are as defined in Table 4.

The compounds of formula I according to the invention are preventively and/or curatively valuable active ingredients in the field of pest control, even at low rates of application, which have a very favorable biocidal spectrum and are well tolerated by warm-blooded species, fish and plants. The active ingredients according to the invention act against all or individual developmental stages of normally sensitive, but also resistant, animal pests, such as insects or representatives of the order Acarina. The insecticidal or acaricidal activity of the active ingredients according to the invention can manifest itself directly, i. e. in destruction of the pests, which takes place either immediately or only after some time has elapsed, for example during ecdysis, or indirectly, for example in a reduced oviposition and/or hatching rate, a good activity corresponding to a destruction rate (mortality) of at least 50 to 60%.

Examples of the abovementioned animal pests are:

from the order Acarina, for example,

Acalitus spp, Aculus spp, Acaricalus spp, Aceria spp, Acarus siro, Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia spp, Calipitrimerus spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermatophagoides spp, Eotetranychus spp, Eriophyes spp., Hemitarsonemus spp, Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Olygonychus spp, Ornithodoros spp., Polyphagotarsone latus, Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Phytonemus spp, Polyphagotarsonemus spp, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Steneotarsonemus spp, Tarsonemus spp. and Tetranychus spp.; from the order Anoplura, for example, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp. and Phylloxera spp.; from the order Coleoptera, for example, Agriotes spp., Amphimallon majale, Anomala orientalis, Anthonomus spp., Aphodius spp, Astylus atromaculatus, Ataenius spp, Atomaria linearis, Chaetocnema tibialis, Cerotoma spp, Conoderus spp, Cosmopolites spp., Cotinis nitida, Curculio spp., Cyclocephala spp, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Diloboderus abderus, Epilachna spp., Eremnus spp., Heteronychus arator, Hypothenemus hampei, Lagria vilosa, Leptinotarsa decemLineata, Lissorhoptrus spp., Liogenys spp, Maecolaspis spp, Maladera castanea, Megascelis spp, Melighetes aeneus, Melolontha spp., Myochrous armatus, Orycaephilus spp., Otiorhynchus spp., Phyllophaga spp, Phlyctinus spp., Popillia spp., Psylliodes spp., Rhyssomatus aubtilis, Rhizopertha spp., Scarabeidae, Sitophilus spp., Sitotroga spp., Somaticus spp, Sphenophorus spp, Sternechus subsignatus, Tenebrio spp., Tribolium spp. and Trogoderma spp.; from the order Diptera, for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp, Antherigona soccata, Bactrocea oleae, Bibio hortulanus, Bradysia spp, Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus spp., Delia spp, Drosophila melanogaster, Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Geomyza tripunctata, Glossina spp., Hypoderma spp., Hyppobosca spp., Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Melanagromyza spp., Musca spp., Oestrus spp., Orseolia spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Rhagoletis spp, Rivelia quadrifasciata, Scatella spp, Sciara spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp. and Tipula spp.; from the order Hemiptera, for example, Acanthocoris scabrator, Acrosternum spp, Adelphocoris lineolatus, Amblypelta nitida, Bathycoelia thalassina, Blissus spp, Cimex spp., Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Creontiades spp, Distantiella theobroma, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus spp., Edessa spp, Euchistus spp., Eurydema pulchrum, Eurygaster spp., Halyomorpha halys, Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Lygus spp, Margarodes spp, Murgantia histrionic, Neomegalotomus spp, Nesidiocoris tenuis, Nezara spp., Nysius simulans, Oebalus insularis, Piesma spp., Piezodorus spp, Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scaptocoris castanea, Scotinophara spp., Thyanta spp, Triatoma spp., Vatiga illudens; Acyrthosium pisum, Adalges spp, Agalliana ensigera, Agonoscena targionii, Aleurodicus spp, Aleurocanthus spp, Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae, Amarasca biguttula, Amritodus atkinsoni, Aonidiella spp., Aphididae, Aphis spp., Aspidiotus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bactericera cockerelli, Bemisia spp, Brachycaudus spp, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cacopsylla spp, Cavariella aegopodii Scop., Ceroplaster spp., Chrysomphalus conidium, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Cicadella spp, Cofana spectra, Cryptomyzus spp, Cicadulina spp, Coccus hesperidum, Dalbulus maidis, Dialeurodes spp, Diaphorina citri, Diuraphis noxia, Dysaphis spp, Empoasca spp., Eriosoma larigerum, Erythroneura spp., Gascardia spp., Glycaspis brimblecombei, Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae, Hyalopterus spp, Hyperomyzus pallidus, Idioscopus clypealis, Jacobiasca lybica, Laodelphax spp., Lecanium corni, Lepidosaphes spp., Lopaphis erysimi, Lyogenys maidis, Macrosiphum spp., Mahanarva spp, Metcalfa pruinosa, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myndus crudus, Myzus spp., Neotoxoptera sp, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Nippolachnus piri Mats, Odonaspis ruthae, Oregma lanigera Zehnter, Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza cockerelli, Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus maidis, Perkinsiella spp, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp, Planococcus spp., Pseudaulacaspis spp., Pseudococcus spp., Pseudatomoscelis seriatus, Psylla spp., Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Recilia dorsalis, Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp., Sogatella furcifera, Spissistilus festinus, Tarophagus Proserpina, Toxoptera spp, Trialeurodes spp, Tridiscus sporoboli, Trionymus spp, Trioza erytreae, Unaspis citri, Zygina flammigera, Zyginidia scutellaris; from the order Hymenoptera, for example, Acromyrmex, Arge spp, Atta spp., Cephus spp., Diprion spp., Diprionidae, Gilpinia polytoma, Hoplo-camps spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Neodiprion spp., Pogonomyrmex spp, Slenopsis invicta, Solenopsis spp. and Vespa spp.; from the order Isoptera, for example, Coptotermes spp, Corniternes cumulans, Incisitermes spp, Macrotermes spp, Mastotermes spp, Microtermes spp, Reticulitermes spp.; Solenopsis geminate from the order Lepidoptera, for example, Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp., Alabama argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips spp., Argyresthia spp, Argyrotaenia spp., Autographa spp., Bucculatrix thurberiella, Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Carposina nipponensis, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Chrysoteuchia topiaria, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis spp., Cnephasia spp., Cochylis spp., Coleophora spp., Colias lesbia, Cosmophila flava, Crambus spp, Crocidolomia binotalis, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Cydalima perspectalis, Cydia spp., Diaphania perspectalis, Diatraea spp., Diparopsis castanea, Earias spp., Eldana saccharina, Ephestia spp., Epinotia spp, Estigmene acrea, Etiella zinckinella, Eucosma spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., Euxoa spp., Feltia jaculiferia, Grapholita spp., Hedya nubiferana, Heliothis spp., Hellula undalis, Herpetogramma spp, Hyphantria cunea, Keiferia lycopersicella, Lasmopalpus lignosellus, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocollethis spp., Lobesia botrana, Loxostege bifidalis, Lymantria spp., Lyonetia spp., Malacosoma spp., Mamestra brassicae, Manduca sexta, Mythimna spp, Noctua spp, Operophtera spp., Orniodes indica, Ostrinia nubilalis, Pammene spp., Pandemis spp., Panolis flammea, Papaipema nebris, Pectinophora gossypiela, Perileucoptera coffeella, Pseudaletia unipuncta, Phthorimaea operculella, Pieris rapae, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prays spp., Pseudoplusia spp, Rachiplusia nu, Richia albicosta, Scirpophaga spp., Sesamia spp., Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp., Sylepta derogate, Synanthedon spp., Thaumetopoea spp., Tortrix spp., Trichoplusia ni, Tuta absolute, and Yponomeuta spp.; from the order Mallophaga, for example, Damalinea spp. and Trichodectes spp.; from the order Orthoptera, for example, Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Neocurtilla hexadactyla, Periplaneta spp., Scapteriscus spp, and Schistocerca spp.; from the order Psocoptera, for example, Liposcelis spp.; from the order Siphonaptera, for example, Ceratophyllus spp., Ctenocephalides spp. and Xenopsylla cheopis; from the order Thysanoptera, for example, Calliothrips phaseoli, Frankliniella spp., Heliothrips spp, Hercinothrips spp., Parthenothrips spp, Scirtothrips aurantii, Sericothrips variabilis, Taeniothrips spp., Thrips spp; from the order Thysanura, for example, Lepisma saccharina.

The active ingredients according to the invention can be used for controlling, i. e. containing or destroying, pests of the abovementioned type which occur in particular on plants, especially on useful plants and ornamentals in agriculture, in horticulture and in forests, or on organs, such as fruits, flowers, foliage, stalks, tubers or roots, of such plants, and in some cases even plant organs which are formed at a later point in time remain protected against these pests.

Suitable target crops are, in particular, cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize or sorghum; beet, such as sugar or fodder beet; fruit, for example pomaceous fruit, stone fruit or soft fruit, such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries or berries, for example strawberries, raspberries or blackberries; leguminous crops, such as beans, lentils, peas or soya; oil crops, such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor, cocoa or ground nuts; cucurbits, such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or tangerines; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes or bell peppers; Lauraceae, such as avocado, Cinnamonium or camphor; and also tobacco, nuts, coffee, eggplants, sugarcane, tea, pepper, grapevines, hops, the plantain family, latex plants and ornamentals.

The active ingredients according to the invention are especially suitable for controlling Aphis craccivora, Diabrotica balteata, Heliothis virescens, Myzus persicae, Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera littoralis in cotton, vegetable, maize, rice and soya crops. The active ingredients according to the invention are further especially suitable for controlling Mamestra (preferably in vegetables), Cydia pomonella (preferably in apples), Empoasca (preferably in vegetables, vineyards), Leptinotarsa (preferably in potatos) and Chilo supressalis (preferably in rice).

In a further aspect, the invention may also relate to a method of controlling damage to plant and parts thereof by plant parasitic nematodes (Endoparasitic-, Semiendoparasitic- and Ectoparasitic nematodes), especially plant parasitic nematodes such as root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne arenaria and other Meloidogyne species; cyst-forming nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and other Globodera species; Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii, and other Heterodera species; Seed gall nematodes, Anguina species; Stem and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides species; Sting nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and other Belonolaimus species; Pine nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other Bursaphelenchus species; Ring nematodes, Criconema species, Criconemella species, Criconemoides species, Mesocriconema species; Stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus destructor, Ditylenchus dipsaci and other Ditylenchus species; Awl nematodes, Dolichodorus species; Spiral nematodes, Heliocotylenchus multicinctus and other Helicotylenchus species; Sheath and sheathoid nematodes, Hemicycliophora species and Hemicriconemoides species; Hirshmanniella species; Lance nematodes, Hoploaimus species; false rootknot nematodes, Nacobbus species; Needle nematodes, Longidorus elongatus and other Longidorus species; Pin nematodes, Pratylenchus species; Lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus curvitatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi and other Pratylenchus species; Burrowing nematodes, Radopholus similis and other Radopholus species; Reniform nematodes, Rotylenchus robustus, Rotylenchus reniformis and other Rotylenchus species; Scutellonema species; Stubby root nematodes, Trichodorus primitivus and other Trichodorus species, Paratrichodorus species; Stunt nematodes, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Tylenchorhynchus dubius and other Tylenchorhynchus species; Citrus nematodes, Tylenchulus species; Dagger nematodes, Xiphinema species; and other plant parasitic nematode species, such as Subanguina spp., Hypsoperine spp., Macroposthonia spp., Melinius spp., Punctodera spp., and Quinisulcius spp.

The compounds of the invention may also have activity against the molluscs. Examples of which include, for example, Ampullariidae; Arion (A. ater, A. circumscriptus, A. hortensis, A. rufus); Bradybaenidae (Bradybaena fruticum); Cepaea (C. hortensis, C. Nemoralis); ochlodina; Deroceras (D. agrestis, D. empiricorum, D. laeve, D. reticulatum); Discus (D. rotundatus); Euomphalia; Galba (G. trunculata); Helicelia (H. itala, H. obvia); Helicidae Helicigona arbustorum); Helicodiscus; Helix (H. aperta); Limax (L. cinereoniger, L. flavus, L. marginatus, L. maximus, L. tenellus); Lymnaea; Milax (M. gagates, M. marginatus, M. sowerbyi); Opeas; Pomacea (P. canaticulata); Vallonia and Zanitoides.

The term “crops” is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus Bacillus.

Toxins that can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, insecticidal proteins, for example insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae; or insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as δ-endotoxins, e.g. Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), e.g. Viol, Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A; or insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes, for example Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp., such as Photorhabdus luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins and other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such as Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea lectins, barley lectins or snowdrop lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroidoxidase, ecdysteroid-UDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors, HMG-COA-reductase, ion channel blockers, such as blockers of sodium or calcium channels, juvenile hormone esterase, diuretic hormone receptors, stilbene synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases and glucanases.

In the context of the present invention there are to be understood by δ-endotoxins, for example Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), for example Vip1, Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A, expressly also hybrid toxins, truncated toxins and modified toxins. Hybrid toxins are produced recombinantly by a new combination of different domains of those proteins (see, for example, WO 02/15701). Truncated toxins, for example a truncated Cry1Ab, are known. In the case of modified toxins, one or more amino acids of the naturally occurring toxin are replaced. In such amino acid replacements, preferably non-naturally present protease recognition sequences are inserted into the toxin, such as, for example, in the case of Cry3A055, a cathepsin-G-recognition sequence is inserted into a Cry3A toxin (see WO 03/018810). Examples of such toxins or transgenic plants capable of synthesising such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0 374 753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 427 529, EP-A-451 878 and WO 03/052073.

The processes for the preparation of such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above. Cry1-type deoxyribonucleic acids and their preparation are known, for example, from WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 367 474, EP-A-0 401 979 and WO 90/13651.

The toxin contained in the transgenic plants imparts to the plants tolerance to harmful insects. Such insects can occur in any taxonomic group of insects, but are especially commonly found in the beetles (Coleoptera), two-winged insects (Diptera) and moths (Lepidoptera).

Transgenic plants containing one or more genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are known and some of them are commercially available. Examples of such plants are: YieldGard® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1Ab toxin); YieldGard Rootworm® (maize variety that expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin); YieldGard Plus® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1Ab and a Cry3Bb1 toxin); Starlink® (maize variety that expresses a Cry9C toxin); Herculex I® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1Fa2 toxin and the enzyme phosphinothricine N-acetyltransferase (PAT) to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium); NuCOTN 33B® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1Ac toxin); Bollgard I® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1Ac toxin); Bollgard II® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1Ac and a Cry2Ab toxin); VipCot® (cotton variety that expresses a Vip3A and a Cry1Ab toxin); NewLeaf® (potato variety that expresses a Cry3A toxin); NatureGard®, Agrisure® GT Advantage (GA21 glyphosate-tolerant trait), Agrisure® CB Advantage (Bt11 corn borer (CB) trait) and Protecta®.

Further examples of such transgenic crops are:

1. Bt11 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Genetically modified Zea mays which has been rendered resistant to attack by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a truncated Cry1Ab toxin. Bt11 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 2. Bt176 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Genetically modified Zea mays which has been rendered resistant to attack by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a Cry1Ab toxin. Bt176 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 3. MIR604 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Maize which has been rendered insect-resistant by transgenic expression of a modified Cry3A toxin. This toxin is Cry3A055 modified by insertion of a cathepsin-G-protease recognition sequence. The preparation of such transgenic maize plants is described in WO 03/018810. 4. MON 863 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/DE/02/9. MON 863 expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin and has resistance to certain Coleoptera insects. 5. IPC 531 Cotton from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/ES/96/02. 6. 1507 Maize from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Avenue Tedesco, 7 B-1160 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/NL/00/10. Genetically modified maize for the expression of the protein Cry1F for achieving resistance to certain Lepidoptera insects and of the PAT protein for achieving tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 7. NK603×MON 810 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/GB/02/M3/03. Consists of conventionally bred hybrid maize varieties by crossing the genetically modified varieties NK603 and MON 810. NK603×MON 810 Maize transgenically expresses the protein CP4 EPSPS, obtained from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, which imparts tolerance to the herbicide Roundup® (contains glyphosate), and also a Cry1Ab toxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki which brings about tolerance to certain Lepidoptera, include the European corn borer.

Transgenic crops of insect-resistant plants are also described in BATS (Zentrum für Biosicherheit and Nachhaltigkeit, Zentrum BATS, Clarastrasse 13, 4058 Basel, Switzerland) Report 2003, (http://bats.ch).

The term “crops” is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising antipathogenic substances having a selective action, such as, for example, the so-called “pathogenesis-related proteins” (PRPs, see e.g. EP-A-0 392 225). Examples of such antipathogenic substances and transgenic plants capable of synthesising such antipathogenic substances are known, for example, from EP-A-0 392 225, WO 95/33818 and EP-A-0 353 191. The methods of producing such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.

Antipathogenic substances which can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, ion channel blockers, such as blockers for sodium and calcium channels, for example the viral KP1, KP4 or KP6 toxins; stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases; chitinases; glucanases; the so-called “pathogenesis-related proteins” (PRPs; see e.g. EP-A-0 392 225); antipathogenic substances produced by microorganisms, for example peptide antibiotics or heterocyclic antibiotics (see e.g. WO 95/33818) or protein or polypeptide factors involved in plant pathogen defence (so-called “plant disease resistance genes”, as described in WO 03/000906).

Further areas of use of the compositions according to the invention are the protection of stored goods and store rooms and the protection of raw materials, such as wood, textiles, floor coverings or buildings, and also in the hygiene sector, especially the protection of humans, domestic animals and productive livestock against pests of the mentioned type.

The present invention also provides a method for controlling pests (such as mosquitoes and other disease vectors; see also http://www.who.int/malaria/vector_control/irs/en/). In one embodiment, the method for controlling pests comprises applying the compositions of the invention to the target pests, to their locus or to a surface or substrate by brushing, rolling, spraying, spreading or dipping. By way of example, an IRS (indoor residual spraying) application of a surface such as a wall, ceiling or floor surface is contemplated by the method of the invention. In another embodiment, it is contemplated to apply such compositions to a substrate such as non-woven or a fabric material in the form of (or which can be used in the manufacture of) netting, clothing, bedding, curtains and tents.

In one embodiment, the method for controlling such pests comprises applying a pesticidally effective amount of the compositions of the invention to the target pests, to their locus, or to a surface or substrate so as to provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface or substrate. Such application may be made by brushing, rolling, spraying, spreading or dipping the pesticidal composition of the invention. By way of example, an IRS application of a surface such as a wall, ceiling or floor surface is contemplated by the method of the invention so as to provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface. In another embodiment, it is contemplated to apply such compositions for residual control of pests on a substrate such as a fabric material in the form of (or which can be used in the manufacture of) netting, clothing, bedding, curtains and tents.

Substrates including non-woven, fabrics or netting to be treated may be made of natural fibres such as cotton, raffia, jute, flax, sisal, hessian, or wool, or synthetic fibres such as polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile or the like. The polyesters are particularly suitable. The methods of textile treatment are known, e.g. WO 2008/151984, WO 2003/034823, U.S. Pat. No. 5,631,072, WO 2005/64072, WO2006/128870, EP 1724392, WO2005113886 or WO 2007/090739.

Further areas of use of the compositions according to the invention are the field of tree injection/trunk treatment for all ornamental trees as well all sort of fruit and nut trees.

In the field of tree injection/trunk treatment, the compounds according to the present invention are especially suitable against wood-boring insects from the order Lepidoptera as mentioned above and from the order Coleoptera, especially against woodborers listed in the following tables A and B:

TABLE A Examples of exotic woodborers of economic importance. Family Species Host or Crop Infested Buprestidae Agrilus planipennis Ash Cerambycidae Anoplura glabripennis Hardwoods Scolytidae Xylosandrus crassiusculus Hardwoods X. mutilatus Hardwoods Tomicus piniperda Conifers

TABLE B Examples of native woodborers of economic importance. Family Species Host or Crop Infested Buprestidae Agrilus anxius Birch Agrilus politus Willow, Maple Agrilus sayi Bayberry, Sweetfern Agrilus vittaticolllis Apple, Pear, Cranberry, Serviceberry, Hawthorn Chrysobothris femorata Apple, Apricot, Beech, Boxelder, Cherry, Chestnut, Currant, Elm, Hawthorn, Hackberry, Hickory, Horsechestnut, Linden, Maple, Mountain-ash, Oak, Pecan, Pear, Peach, Persimmon, Plum, Poplar, Quince, Redbud, Serviceberry, Sycamore, Walnut, Willow Texania campestris Basswood, Beech, Maple, Oak, Sycamore, Willow, Yellow-poplar Cerambycidae Goes pulverulentus Beech, Elm, Nuttall, Willow, Black oak, Cherrybark oak, Water oak, Sycamore Goes tigrinus Oak Neoclytus acuminatus Ash, Hickory, Oak, Walnut, Birch, Beech, Maple, Eastern hophornbeam, Dogwood, Persimmon, Redbud, Holly, Hackberry, Black locust, Honeylocust, Yellow-poplar, Chestnut, Osage-orange, Sassafras, Lilac, Mountain-mahogany, Pear, Cherry, Plum, Peach, Apple, Elm, Basswood, Sweetgum Neoptychodes trilineatus Fig, Alder, Mulberry, Willow, Netleaf hackberry Oberea ocellata Sumac, Apple, Peach, Plum, Pear, Currant, Blackberry Oberea tripunctata Dogwood, Viburnum, Elm, Sourwood, Blueberry, Rhododendron, Azalea, Laurel, Poplar, Willow, Mulberry Oncideres cingulata Hickory, Pecan, Persimmon, Elm, Sourwood, Basswood, Honeylocust, Dogwood, Eucalyptus, Oak, Hackberry, Maple, Fruit trees Saperda calcarata Poplar Strophiona nitens Chestnut, Oak, Hickory, Walnut, Beech, Maple Scolytidae Corthylus columbianus Maple, Oak, Yellow-poplar, Beech, Boxelder, Sycamore, Birch, Basswood, Chestnut, Elm Dendroctonus frontalis Pine Dryocoetes betulae Birch, Sweetgum, Wild cherry, Beech, Pear Monarthrum fasciatum Oak, Maple, Birch, Chestnut, Sweetgum, Blackgum, Poplar, Hickory, Mimosa, Apple, Peach, Pine Phloeotribus liminaris Peach, Cherry, Plum, Black cherry, Elm, Mulberry, Mountain-ash Pseudopityophthorus pruinosus Oak, American beech, Black cherry, Chickasaw plum, Chestnut, Maple, Hickory, Hornbeam, Hophornbeam Sesiidae Paranthrene simulans Oak, American chestnut Sannina uroceriformis Persimmon Synanthedon exitiosa Peach, Plum, Nectarine, Cherry, Apricot, Almond, Black cherry Synanthedon pictipes Peach, Plum, Cherry, Beach, Black Cherry Synanthedon rubrofascia Tupelo Synanthedon scitula Dogwood, Pecan, Hickory, Oak, Chestnut, Beech, Birch, Black cherry, Elm, Mountain-ash, Viburnum, Willow, Apple, Loquat, Ninebark, Bayberry Vitacea polistiformis Grape

The present invention may be also used to control any insect pests that may be present in turfgrass, including for example beetles, caterpillars, fire ants, ground pearls, millipedes, sow bugs, mites, mole crickets, scales, mealybugs ticks, spittlebugs, southern chinch bugs and white grubs. The present invention may be used to control insect pests at various stages of their life cycle, including eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults.

In particular, the present invention may be used to control insect pests that feed on the roots of turfgrass including white grubs (such as Cyclocephala spp. (e.g. masked chafer, C. lurida), Rhizotrogus spp. (e.g. European chafer, R. majalis), Cotinus spp. (e.g. Green June beetle, C. nitida), Popillia spp. (e.g. Japanese beetle, P. japonica), Phyllophaga spp. (e.g. May/June beetle), Ataenius spp. (e.g. Black turfgrass ataenius, A. spretulus), Maladera spp. (e.g. Asiatic garden beetle, M. castanea) and Tomarus spp.), ground pearls (Margarodes spp.), mole crickets (tawny, southern, and short-winged; Scapteriscus spp., Gryllotalpa africana) and leatherjackets (European crane fly, Tipula spp.).

The present invention may also be used to control insect pests of turfgrass that are thatch dwelling, including armyworms (such as fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, and common armyworm Pseudaletia unipuncta), cutworms, billbugs (Sphenophorus spp., such as S. venatus verstitus and S. parvulus), and sod webworms (such as Crambus spp. and the tropical sod webworm, Herpetogramma phaeopteralis).

The present invention may also be used to control insect pests of turfgrass that live above the ground and feed on the turfgrass leaves, including chinch bugs (such as southern chinch bugs, Blissus insularis), Bermudagrass mite (Eriophyes cynodoniensis), rhodesgrass mealybug (Antonina graminis), two-lined spittlebug (Propsapia bicincta), leafhoppers, cutworms (Noctuidae family), and greenbugs. The present invention may also be used to control other pests of turfgrass such as red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) that create ant mounds in turf.

In the hygiene sector, the compositions according to the invention are active against ectoparasites such as hard ticks, soft ticks, mange mites, harvest mites, flies (biting and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, bird lice and fleas.

Examples of such parasites are:

Of the order Anoplurida: Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp. and Phtirus spp., Solenopotes spp.

Of the order Mallophagida: Trimenopon spp., Menopon spp., Trinoton spp., Bovicola spp., Werneckiella spp., Lepikentron spp., Damalina spp., Trichodectes spp. and Felicola spp.

Of the order Diptera and the suborders Nematocerina and Brachycerina, for example Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simulium spp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp., Culicoides spp., Chrysops spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp., Haematopota spp., Philipomyia spp., Braula spp., Musca spp., Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morellia spp., Fannia spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Wohlfahrtia spp., Sarcophaga spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Gasterophilus spp., Hippobosca spp., Lipoptena spp. and Melophagus spp.

Of the order Siphonapterida, for example Pulex spp., Ctenocephalides spp., Xenopsylla spp., Ceratophyllus spp.

Of the order Heteropterida, for example Cimex spp., Triatoma spp., Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylus spp.

Of the order Blattarida, for example Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Blattelagermanica and Supella spp.

Of the subclass Acaria (Acarida) and the orders Meta- and Meso-stigmata, for example Argas spp., Ornithodorus spp., Otobius spp., Ixodes spp., Amblyomma spp., Boophilus spp., Dermacentor spp., Haemophysalis spp., Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Dermanyssus spp., Raillietia spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Sternostoma spp. and Varroa spp.

Of the orders Actinedida (Prostigmata) and Acaridida (Astigmata), for example Acarapis spp., Cheyletiella spp., Ornithocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergatesspp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp. and Laminosioptes spp.

The compositions according to the invention are also suitable for protecting against insect infestation in the case of materials such as wood, textiles, plastics, adhesives, glues, paints, paper and card, leather, floor coverings and buildings.

The compositions according to the invention can be used, for example, against the following pests: beetles such as Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobium punctatum, Xestobium rufovillosum, Ptilinuspecticornis, Dendrobium pertinex, Ernobius mollis, Priobium carpini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctus africanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus linearis, Lyctus pubescens, Trogoxylon aequale, Minthesrugicollis, Xyleborus spec., Tryptodendron spec., Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins, Heterobostrychus brunneus, Sinoxylon spec. and Dinoderus minutus, and also hymenopterans such as Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas taignus and Urocerus augur, and termites such as Kalotermes flavicollis, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes indicola, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Mastotermes darwiniensis, Zootermopsis nevadensis and Coptotermes formosanus, and bristletails such as Lepisma saccharina.

The invention therefore also relates to pesticidal compositions such as emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates, microemulsions, oil dispersibles, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, spreadable pastes, dilute emulsions, soluble powders, dispersible powders, wettable powders, dusts, granules or encapsulations in polymeric substances, which comprise—at least—one of the active ingredients according to the invention and which are to be selected to suit the intended aims and the prevailing circumstances.

In these compositions, the active ingredient is employed in pure form, a solid active ingredient for example in a specific particle size, or, preferably, together with—at least—one of the auxiliaries conventionally used in the art of formulation, such as extenders, for example solvents or solid carriers, or such as surface-active compounds (surfactants).

Examples of suitable solvents are: unhydrogenated or partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably the fractions C₈ to C₁₂ of alkylbenzenes, such as xylene mixtures, alkylated naphthalenes or tetrahydronaphthalene, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, such as paraffins or cyclohexane, alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol, glycols and their ethers and esters such as propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol ether, ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether or ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ketones, such as cyclohexanone, isophorone or diacetone alcohol, strongly polar solvents, such as N-methylpyrrolid-2-one, dimethyl sulfoxide or N,N-dimethylformamide, water, unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils, such as unexpodized or epoxidized rapeseed, castor, coconut or soya oil, and silicone oils.

Solid carriers which are used for example for dusts and dispersible powders are, as a rule, ground natural minerals such as calcite, talc, kaolin, montmorillonite or attapulgite. To improve the physical properties, it is also possible to add highly disperse silicas or highly disperse absorbtive polymers. Suitable adsorptive carriers for granules are porous types, such as pumice, brick grit, sepiolite or bentonite, and suitable non-sorptive carrier materials are calcite or sand. In addition, a large number of granulated materials of inorganic or organic nature can be used, in particular dolomite or comminuted plant residues.

Suitable surface-active compounds are, depending on the type of the active ingredient to be formulated, non-ionic, cationic and/or anionic surfactants or surfactant mixtures which have good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties. The surfactants mentioned below are only to be considered as examples; a large number of further surfactants which are conventionally used in the art of formulation and suitable according to the invention are described in the relevant literature. Suitable non-ionic surfactants are, especially, polyglycol ether derivatives of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols, of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids or of alkyl phenols which may contain approximately 3 to approximately 30 glycol ether groups and approximately 8 to approximately 20 carbon atoms in the (cyclo)aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or approximately 6 to approximately 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety of the alkyl phenols. Also suitable are water-soluble polyethylene oxide adducts with polypropylene glycol, ethylenediaminopolypropylene glycol or alkyl polypropylene glycol having 1 to approximately 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain and approximately 20 to approximately 250 ethylene glycol ether groups and approximately 10 to approximately 100 propylene glycol ether groups. Normally, the abovementioned compounds contain 1 to approximately 5 ethylene glycol units per propylene glycol unit. Examples which may be mentioned are nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, castor oil polyglycol ether, polypropylene glycol/polyethylene oxide adducts, tributylpheno-xypolyethoxyethanol, polyethylene glycol or octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol. Also suitable are fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate. The cationic surfactants are, especially, quarternary ammonium salts which generally have at least one alkyl radical of approximately 8 to approximately 22 C atoms as substituents and as further substituents (unhalogenated or halogenated) lower alkyl or hydroxyalkyl or benzyl radicals. The salts are preferably in the form of halides, methylsulfates or ethylsulfates. Examples are stearyltrimethylammonium chloride and benzylbis(2-chloroethyl)ethylammonium bromide.

Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are water-soluble soaps or water-soluble synthetic surface-active compounds. Examples of suitable soaps are the alkali, alkaline earth or (unsubstituted or substituted) ammonium salts of fatty acids having approximately 10 to approximately 22 C atoms, such as the sodium or potassium salts of oleic or stearic acid, or of natural fatty acid mixtures which are obtainable for example from coconut or tall oil; mention must also be made of the fatty acid methyl taurates. However, synthetic surfactants are used more frequently, in particular fatty sulfonates, fatty sulfates, sulfonated benzimidazole derivatives or alkylaryl sulfonates. As a rule, the fatty sulfonates and fatty sulfates are present as alkali, alkaline earth or (substituted or unsubstituted) ammonium salts and they generally have an alkyl radical of approximately 8 to approximately 22 C atoms, alkyl also to be understood as including the alkyl moiety of acyl radicals; examples which may be mentioned are the sodium or calcium salts of lignosulfonic acid, of the dodecylsulfuric ester or of a fatty alcohol sulfate mixture prepared from natural fatty acids. This group also includes the salts of the sulfuric esters and sulfonic acids of fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide adducts. The sulfonated benzimidazole derivatives preferably contain 2 sulfonyl groups and a fatty acid radical of approximately 8 to approximately 22 C atoms. Examples of alkylarylsulfonates are the sodium, calcium or triethanolammonium salts of decylbenzenesulfonic acid, of dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid or of a naphthalenesulfonic acid/formaldehyde condensate. Also possible are, furthermore, suitable phosphates, such as salts of the phosphoric ester of a p-nonylphenol/(4-14)ethylene oxide adduct, or phospholipids.

As a rule, the compositions comprise 0.1 to 99%, especially 0.1 to 95%, of active ingredient and 1 to 99.9%, especially 5 to 99.9%, of at least one solid or liquid adjuvant, it being possible as a rule for 0 to 25%, especially 0.1 to 20%, of the composition to be surfactants (% in each case meaning percent by weight). Whereas concentrated compositions tend to be preferred for commercial goods, the end consumer as a rule uses dilute compositions which have substantially lower concentrations of active ingredient.

Typically, a pre-mix formulation for foliar application comprises 0.1 to 99.9%, especially 1 to 95%, of the desired ingredients, and 99.9 to 0.1%, especially 99 to 5%, of a solid or liquid adjuvant (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50%, especially 0.5 to 40%, based on the pre-mix formulation.

Normally, a tank-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.25 to 80%, especially 1 to 75%, of the desired ingredients, and 99.75 to 20%, especially 99 to 25%, of a solid or liquid auxiliaries (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 40%, especially 0.5 to 30%, based on the tank-mix formulation.

Typically, a pre-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.5 to 99.9%, especially 1 to 95%, of the desired ingredients, and 99.5 to 0.1%, especially 99 to 5%, of a solid or liquid adjuvant (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50%, especially 0.5 to 40%, based on the pre-mix formulation.

Whereas commercial products will preferably be formulated as concentrates (e.g., pre-mix composition (formulation)), the end user will normally employ dilute formulations (e.g., tank mix composition).

Preferred seed treatment pre-mix formulations are aqueous suspension concentrates. The formulation can be applied to the seeds using conventional treating techniques and machines, such as fluidized bed techniques, the roller mill method, rotostatic seed treaters, and drum coaters. Other methods, such as spouted beds may also be useful. The seeds may be presized before coating. After coating, the seeds are typically dried and then transferred to a sizing machine for sizing. Such procedures are known in the art.

In general, the pre-mix compositions of the invention contain 0.5 to 99.9 especially 1 to 95, advantageously 1 to 50%, by mass of the desired ingredients, and 99.5 to 0.1, especially 99 to 5%, by mass of a solid or liquid adjuvant (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries (or adjuvant) can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50, especially 0.5 to 40%, by mass based on the mass of the pre-mix formulation.

Examples of foliar formulation types for pre-mix compositions are:

GR: Granules

WP: wettable powders

WG: water dispersable granules (powders)

SG: water soluble granules

SL: soluble concentrates

EC: emulsifiable concentrate

EW: emulsions, oil in water

ME: micro-emulsion

SC: aqueous suspension concentrate

CS: aqueous capsule suspension

OD: oil-based suspension concentrate, and

SE: aqueous suspo-emulsion.

Whereas, examples of seed treatment formulation types for pre-mix compositions are:

WS: wettable powders for seed treatment slurry

LS: solution for seed treatment

ES: emulsions for seed treatment

FS: suspension concentrate for seed treatment

WG: water dispersible granules, and

CS: aqueous capsule suspension.

Examples of formulation types suitable for tank-mix compositions are solutions, dilute emulsions, suspensions, or a mixture thereof, and dusts.

Preferred compositions are composed in particular as follows (%=percent by weight):

Emulsifiable Concentrates:

active ingredient: 1 to 95%, preferably 5 to 20%

surfactant: 1 to 30%, preferably 10 to 20%

solvent: 5 to 98%, preferably 70 to 85%

Dusts:

active ingredient: 0.1 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 1%

solid carrier: 99.9 to 90%, preferably 99.9 to 99%

Suspension Concentrates:

active ingredient: 5 to 75%, preferably 10 to 50%

water: 94 to 24%, preferably 88 to 30%

surfactant: 1 to 40%, preferably 2 to 30%

Wettable Powders:

active ingredient: 0.5 to 90%, preferably 1 to 80%

surfactant: 0.5 to 20%, preferably 1 to 15%

solid carrier: 5 to 99%, preferably 15 to 98%

Granulates:

active ingredient: 0.5 to 30%, preferably 3 to 15%

solid carrier: 99.5 to 70%, preferably 97 to 85%

PREPARATORY EXAMPLES

“Mp” means melting point in ° C. Free radicals represent methyl groups. ¹H NMR measurements were recorded on a Brucker 400 MHz spectrometer, chemical shifts are given in ppm relevant to a TMS standard. Spectra measured in deuterated solvents as indicated. Common abbreviations: aq=aqueous, min=minute, h=hour, sat=saturated, R=retention time, mCPBA=meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, MeOH=methanol, EtOH=ethanol, NaHCO₃=sodium hydrogen carbonate, Na₂CO₃=sodium carbonate, HCl=hydrogen chloride, CH₂Cl₂=dichloromethane, Et₃N=triethylamine, DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide.

LCMS Methods:

Method 1:

SC_BASE, Apparatus: Agilent 1100 Bin. Pump: G1312A, degasser; autosampler, ColCom, DAD: Agilent G1315B, 220-320 nm, MSD: Agilent LC/MSD G6130B ESI, pos/neg 100-800; ELSD PL-ELS2100 gas flow 1.1 ml/min, gas temp: 50° C.; column: Waters XSelect™ C18, 30×2.1 mm, 3.5μ, Temp: 25° C., Flow: 1 mL/min, Gradient: t₀=2% A, t_(1.6min)=98% A, t_(3min)=98% A, Posttime: 1.3 min, Eluent A: 95% acetonitrile+5% 10 mM ammonium bicarbonate in water in acetonitrile, Eluent B: 10 mM ammonium bicarbonate in water (pH=9.5).

Method 2:

AN_BASE, Apparatus: Agilent 1100 Bin. Pump: G1312A, degasser; autosampler, ColCom, DAD: Agilent G1315B, 220-320 nm, MSD: Agilent LC/MSD G6130B ESI, pos/neg 100-800; ELSD PL-ELS2100 gas flow 1.1 ml/min, gas temp: 50° C.; column: Waters XSelect™ C18, 50×2.1 mm, 3.5μ, Temp: 25° C., Flow: 0.8 mL/min, Gradient: t₀=2% A, t_(3.5min)=98% A, t_(6min)=98% A, Posttime: 2 min, Eluent A: 95% acetonitrile+5% 10 mM ammonium bicarbonate in water in acetonitrile, Eluent B: 10 mM ammonium bicarbonate in water (pH=9.5).

Method 3:

Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Waters (SQD or ZQ Single quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive or negative ions, Capillary: 3.00 kV, Cone range: 30-60 V, Extractor: 2.00 V, Source Temperature: 150° C., Desolvation Temperature: 350° C., Cone Gas Flow: 0 L/Hr, Desolvation Gas Flow: 650 L/Hr, Mass range: 100 to 900 Da) and an Acquity UPLC from Waters: Binary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector. Solvent degasser, binary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector. Column: Waters UPLC HSS T3, 1.8 μm, 30×2.1 mm, Temp: 60° C., DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to 500, Solvent Gradient: A=water+5% MeOH+0.05% HCOOH, B=Acetonitrile+0.05% HCOOH; gradient: 0 min 0% B, 100% A; 2.7-3.0 min 100% B; Flow (ml/min) 0.85.

Method 4:

Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Waters (SQD, SQDII or ZQ Single quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive or negative ions, Capillary: 3.00 kV, Cone range: 30-60 V, Extractor: 2.00 V, Source Temperature: 150° C., Desolvation Temperature: 350° C., Cone Gas Flow: 0 L/Hr, Desolvation Gas Flow: 650 L/Hr, Mass range: 100 to 900 Da) and an Acquity UPLC from Waters: Binary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector. Solvent degasser, binary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector. Column: Waters UPLC HSS T3, 1.8 μm, 30×2.1 mm, Temp: 60° C., DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to 500, Solvent Gradient: A=water+5% MeOH+0.05% HCOOH, B=Acetonitrile+0.05% HCOOH; gradient: 10-100% B in 1.2 min; Flow (ml/min) 0.85.

Method 5:

Spectra were recorded on an ACQUITY SQD Mass Spectrometer from Waters (Single quadrupole mass spectrometer). Ionisation method: Electrospray. Polarity: positive ions. Capillary (kV) 3.00, Cone (V) 20.00, Extractor (V) 3.00, Source Temperature (° C.) 150, Desolvation Temperature (° C.) 400, Cone Gas Flow (L/Hr) 60, Desolvation Gas Flow (L/Hr) 700; Mass range: 100 to 800 Da; DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to 400.

Method Waters ACQUITY UPLC with the following HPLC gradient conditions

(Solvent A: Water/Methanol 9:1, 0.1% formic acid and Solvent B: Acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid)

Time A B Flow rate (minutes) (%) (%) (ml/min) 0 100 0 0.75 2.5 0 100 0.75 2.8 0 100 0.75 3.0 100 0 0.75

Type of column: Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3; Column length: 30 mm; Internal diameter of column: 2.1 mm; Particle Size: 1.8 micron; Temperature: 60° C.

Example P1: Preparation of 3-ethylsulfonyl-2-[4-methyl-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (Compound P2) Step 1: Preparation of 3-ethylsulfanyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carbohydrazide

To a solution of 3-ethylsulfanyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (4.4 g, 17.51 mmol) in dichloromethane (70 ml) was added oxalyl chloride (7.25 g, 57.1 mmol, 5.0 ml) followed by one drop of DMF and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. A red solution was obtained. The reaction mixture was concentrated and coevaporated twice with dichloromethane. The red solid residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 ml) and added dropwise to a cooled (0° C.) solution of hydrazine monohydrate (8.77 g, 175 mmol, 8.50 ml) in dichloromethane (50 ml) under nitrogen. After complete addition, the mixture was stirred for 30 min, the cooling bath was removed and stirring was continued for 90 more minutes. A red suspension was obtained. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and washed with sat. NaHCO₃ (aq), brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified over silica by flash column chromatography (0-10% methanol gradient in dichloromethane) to afford the title compound (2.58 g) as a solid. LCMS (method 1): 266 (M+H)⁺, retention time 1.81 min. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, ppm) 1.44 (3H), 2.96 (2H), 4.07 (2H), 7.83 (1H), 8.48 (1H), 8.94 (1H).

Step 2: Preparation of N,N′-dimethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxamidine Hydrochloride Salt

To a solution of 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carbonitrile (0.516 g, 3.00 mmol) in methanol (4.5 ml) was added sodium methoxide (30 wt % in MeOH) (0.027 g, 0.150 mmol, 0.028 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The solution was transferred into a reaction vial, methylamine (33 wt % in EtOH) (1.512 g, 16.07 mmol, 2.0 ml) was added, the vial was closed and the mixture was heated at 60° C. overnight. Hydrochloric acid (4M in dioxane) (3.00 mmol, 0.750 ml) was added and heating was continued at 90° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated. In a reaction vial, the residue was redissolved in methylamine (33 wt % in EtOH) (7.56 g, 80 mmol, 10.00 ml), hydrochloric acid (4M in dioxane) (3.00 mmol, 0.750 ml) was added, the vial was capped and the mixture was heated at 90° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue partitioned between diethyl ether and sat. Na₂CO₃ (aq). After washing and separation of the phases, the aqueous layer was extracted with ether two more times. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified over silica by flash column chromatography (0-100% B in A; A: CH₂Cl₂; B: CH₂Cl₂/MeOH/Et₃N, 9/1/0.1). The fractions containing product were combined and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in methanol and hydrochloric acid in dioxane (4M, 2 ml) was added. The mixture was concentrated, coevaporated with methanol and twice with diethyl ether to afford the title compound (484 mg) as a solid. LCMS (method 1): 218 (M+H)⁺, retention time 1.47 min. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm) 2.86 (3H), 3.06 (3H), 8.15 (1H), 8.29 (1H), 9.09 (1H), 9.87 (1H), 10.23 (1H).

Step 3: Preparation of 3-ethylsulfanyl-2-[4-methyl-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (Compound P1)

To a solution of 3-ethylsulfanyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carbohydrazide (265 mg, 1.00 mmol) and N,N′-dimethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxamidine hydrochloride salt (254 mg, 1.00 mmol) in methanol (6.5 ml) was added potassium carbonate (138 mg, 1.00 mmol) and the mixture was heated at reflux temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. After washing and separation of the phases, the organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified over silica by flash column chromatography (5-40% ethyl acetate gradient in heptane) to afford the title compound (262 mg) as a solid, mp 113-114° C. LCMS (method 2): 434 (M+H)⁺, retention time 3.80 min. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, ppm) 1.38 (3H), 3.02 (2H), 4.20 (3H), 7.60 (1H), 7.92 (1H), 8.71 (1H), 8.74 (1H), 8.88 (1H).

Step 4: Preparation of 3-ethylsulfonyl-2-[4-methyl-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (Title Compound P2)

To a solution of 3-ethylsulfanyl-2-[4-methyl-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (215 mg, 0.496 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 ml) was added mCPBA (70 wt % in water) (257 mg, 1.042 mmol, 70%) in one portion and mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with sat. aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution/sat. NaHCO₃ (1/1), sat. NaHCO₃, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified over silica by flash column chromatography (5-40% ethyl acetate gradient in heptane). The fractions containing product were combined and concentrated. The product was again purified over silica by flash column chromatography (0-2.5% methanol gradient in dichloromethane) to afford the title compound (183 mg) as a solid, mp 184-185° C. LCMS (method 2): 466 (M+H)⁺, retention time 3.76 min. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, ppm) 1.41 (3H), 3.93 (2H), 4.12 (3H), 7.62 (1H), 8.71 (1H), 8.77 (1H), 8.89 (1H), 9.25 (1H).

Example P2: Preparation of 2-(5-bromo-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-3-ethylsulfonyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine Step 1: Preparation of 1-[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-methyl-thiourea

To a solution of 1-amino-3-methyl-thiourea (1.94 g, 18.44 mmol) in pyridine (2.5 ml) and dichloromethane (35 ml) at 10° C. was added a solution of 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carbonyl chloride (5.0 g, 20.49 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 ml) dropwise over one hour. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with water (50 ml), the suspension filtered and the solid washed with cold water. The crude material was dissolved in ethyl acetate, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to afford the title compound (3.4 g) as a pale yellow solid, mp 181-182° C. This material was used without further purification. LCMS (method 3): 313/315 (M+H)⁺, retention time 0.83 min. ¹H-NMR (methanol-d4, ppm) 3.05 (3H), 8.43 (1H), 8.91 (1H).

Step 2: Preparation of 3-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-4-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione

A stirred suspension of 1-[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-methyl-thiourea (1.0 g, 3.20 mmol) in aqueous 2M sodium bicarbonate (20 ml) was slowly heated to reflux. After refluxing overnight, the reaction mixture was cooled, filtered and the clear yellow filtrate carefully acidified by dropwise addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid at 0° C. The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with cold water, dissolved in ethyl acetate, the solution dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to afford the title compound (720 mg) as a pale yellow solid, mp 226-228° C. This material was used without further purification. LCMS (method 3): 295/297 (M+H)⁺, retention time 1.11 min. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm) 3.52 (3H), 8.79 (1H), 9.16 (1H), 14.31 (1H).

Step 3: Preparation of 3-chloro-2-(4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

A suspension of 3-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-4-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione (500 mg, 1.70 mmol) in a mixture of 65% nitric acid (2 ml) and water (15 ml) was warmed gently (caution!). After a short induction period, gas evolution was observed. The reaction was completed by slowly increasing the temperature and heating at reflux for one hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to 10° C. and basified by addition of aqueous 30% sodium hydroxide. The suspension was filtered and the solid washed with cold water. The aqueous filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane (3×) and the previously obtained solid dissolved in the separated organic layer. This dichloromethane layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to afford the title compound (350 mg) as a solid, mp 130-131.5° C. This material was used without further purification. LCMS (method 3): 263/265 (M+H)⁺, retention time 0.82 min. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, ppm) 3.88 (3H), 8.17 (1H), 8.29 (1H), 8.88 (1H).

Step 4: Preparation of 3-ethylsulfanyl-2-(4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

To a solution of 3-chloro-2-(4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (25.0 g, 95.19 mmol) in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (200 ml) at 0-5° C. was added sodium ethanethiolate (18.9 g, 90%, 199.8 mmol) in four portions and the mixture was stirred at 0-5° C. for 30 minutes, then at room temperature for 3 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the solid residue treated with water (250 ml), the suspension filtered and the solid washed with cold water (4×100 ml). The crude material was dissolved in dichloromethane, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to afford the title compound (26.3 g) as a pale yellow solid, mp 165-166° C. This material was used without further purification. LCMS (method 3): 289 (M+H)⁺, retention time 1.08 min. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, ppm) 1.40 (3H), 3.01 (2H), 3.94 (3H), 7.88 (1H), 8.25 (1H), 8.66 (1H).

Step 5: Preparation of 3-ethylsulfonyl-2-(4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

To a solution of 3-ethylsulfanyl-2-(4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (24.0 g, 83.25 mmol) in dichloromethane (300 ml) at 10° C. was added mCPBA (75 wt % in water) (40.22 g, 174.8 mmol, 75%) in six portions and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered, the filtrate washed with an aqueous 10% sodium thiosulfate solution (3×), then with sat. aqueous NaHCO₃ (4×) and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to afford the title compound (25.5 g) as a white solid, mp 185-187° C. This material was used without further purification. LCMS (method 3): 321 (M+H)⁺, retention time 0.85 min. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, ppm) 1.39 (3H), 3.75 (3H), 3.94 (2H), 8.28 (1H), 8.76 (1H), 9.19 (1H).

Step 6: Preparation of 2-(5-bromo-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-3-ethylsulfonyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

To a solution of 3-ethylsulfonyl-2-(4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (15.0 g, 46.8 mmol) in acetonitrile (250 ml) was added N-bromo succinimide (20.84 g, 117.1 mmol) and the mixture was heated at reflux temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue diluted with dichloromethane, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified over silica by flash column chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 3:1) to afford the title compound (15.5 g) as a solid, mp 172-173° C. LCMS (method 3): 399/401 (M+H)⁺, retention time 1.11 min. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, ppm) 1.39 (3H), 3.67 (3H), 3.89 (2H), 8.75 (1H), 9.20 (1H).

Example P3: Preparation of 2-(5-bromo-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

Obtained from 3-ethylsulfanyl-2-(4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (100 mg, 0.347 mmol) and N-bromo succinimide (61 mg, 0.343 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (0.3 ml) according to procedure Example P2, step 6. The mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for 30 minutes. Combiflash purification afforded the title compound (66 mg) as a solid. LCMS (method 4): 367/369 (M+H)⁺, retention time 0.91 min. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, ppm) 1.39 (3H), 3.01 (2H), 3.85 (3H), 7.89 (1H), 8.67 (1H).

Example P4: Preparation of 2-[5-[3,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-3-ethylsulfonyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (Compound P61)

In a microwave vial, a mixture of 2-(5-bromo-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-3-ethylsulfonyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (250 mg, 0.63 mmol), [3,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid (404 mg, 1.57 mmol) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (3 ml) and aqueous 2M sodium carbonate (0.94 ml, 1.88 mmol) was flushed with argon for 5 minutes. Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (4.4 mg, 0.0063 mmol) was added, the vial was closed and heated in the microwave at 110° C. for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified over silica by flash column chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 3:1) to afford the title compound P61 (145 mg) as a solid, mp 91-93° C. LCMS (method 3): 533 (M+H)⁺, retention time 1.78 min. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, ppm) 1.43 (3H), 3.77 (3H), 3.96 (2H), 8.08 (1H), 8.13 (1H), 8.33 (1H), 8.79 (1H), 9.25 (1H).

TABLE P1 Examples of compounds of formula (I) Compound Melting No. Structures Point MS/NMR P1 

113-114° C. LCMS (method 2): 434 (M + H)⁺ R_(t) = 3.80 min P2 

184-185° C. LCMS (method 2): 466 (M + H)⁺ R_(t) = 3.76 min P3  118-119° C. LCMS (method 2): 434 (M + H)⁺ R_(t) = 3.56 min ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, ppm) 1.42 (3H), 3.05 (2H), 3.93 (3H), 7.93 (1H), 8.42 (1H), 8.72 (1H), 9.06 (1H), 9.20 (1H). P4  192-194° C. LCMS (method 2): 466 (M + H)⁺ R_(t) = 3.38 min ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, ppm) 1.43 (3H), 3.93 (3H), 3.97 (2H), 8.44 (1H), 8.79 (1H), 9.08 (1H), 9.22 (1H), 9.25 (1H). LCMS Compound R_(t) [M + H]⁺ Mp No. Structures (min) (measured) Method (° C.) P5 

3.63 465 2 155-156 P6 

3.55 466 2 146-147 P7 

3.62 465 2 solid P8 

3.46 466 2 150-151 P9 

3.98 434 2 160-161 P10

3.73 466 2 167-169 P11

1.34 397 5 P12

1.78 533 5 P13

1.37 433 5 P14

1.37 415 5 P15

1.53 449 5 P16

1.67 464 5 P17

1.37 415 5 P18

1.41 433 5 P19

1.58 483 5 P20

1.62 481 5 P21

1.83 565 5 P22

1.54 449 5 P23

1.37 423 5 P24

1.64 480 5 P25

1.67 499 5 P26

1.54 449 5 P27

1.48 465 5 P28

1.50 431 5 P29

1.45 433 5 P30

1.57 477 5 P31

1.48 449 5 P32

1.39 415 5 P33

1.62 481 5 P34

1.30 422 5 P35

1.30 422 5 P36

1.44 431 5 P37

1.15 423 5 P38

1.20 423 5 P39

1.52 469 5 P40

1.02 399 5 P41

1.01 398 5 P42

1.04 398 5 P43

1.28 431 5 P44

1.22 416 5 P45

1.64 499 5 P46

1.64 464 5 P47

1.60 464 5 P48

1.70 499 5 P49

4.11 434 2 140-141 P50

3.77 466 2 199-200 P51

3.50 440 2 193-195 P52

3.56 440 2 196-198 P53

3.65 447 2 169-170 P54

1.02 433 4 170-171 P55

0.92 465 4 245-246 P56

1.57 477 3 160-161 P57

0.94 432 4  96-101 P58

0.88 464 4 162-163 P59

1.11 433 4 90-91 P60

1.00 465 4 165-166 P61

1.78 533 3 91-93 P62

1.40 467 3 233-235 P63

1.80 500/502 3 208-210 P64

1.88 448 3 gum P65

1.74 480 3 184-186 P66

0.96 464 4 189-192 P67 1.14 484 4 97-99 P68 1.07 516 4 170-172 P69

1.21 398 3 P70

1.72 420 3 131-133 P71

1.57 452 3 208-209 P72

1.82 492 3 179-180 P73

1.81 516 3 P74

0.92 397 4 P75

1.26 397 3 88-90 P76

1.94 460 3 133-135 P77

1.18 484 4 P78

1.06 365 4

Formulation Examples (%=Percent by Weight) Example F1: Emulsion Concentrates

a) b) c) Active ingredient 25% 40% 50% Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate  5%  8%  6% Castor oil polyethylene  5% — — glycol ether (36 mol of EO) Tributylphenoxypolyethylene — 12%  4% glycol ether (30 mol of EO) Cyclohexanone — 15% 20% Xylene mixture 65% 25% 20%

Emulsions of any desired concentration can be prepared from such concentrates by dilution with water.

Example F2: Solutions

a) b) c) d) Active ingredient 80% 10% 5% 95% Ethylene glycol monomethyl 20% — — — ether Polyethylene glycol — 70% — — MW 400 N-Methylpyrrolid-2-one — 20% — — Epoxidized coconut oil — — 1%  5% Petroleum ether — — 94%  — (boiling range: 160-190°)

The solutions are suitable for use in the form of microdrops.

Example F3: Granules

a) b) c) d) Active ingredient 5% 10%  8% 21% Kaolin 94%  — 79% 54% Highly disperse silica 1% — 13%  7% Attapulgite — 90% — 18%

The active ingredient is dissolved in dichloromethane, the solution is sprayed onto the carrier(s), and the solvent is subsequently evaporated in vacuo.

Example F4: Dusts

a) b) Active ingredient 2% 5% Highly disperse silica 1% 5% Talc 97%  — Kaolin — 90% 

Ready-to-use dusts are obtained by intimately mixing the carriers and the active ingredient.

Example F5: Wettable Powders

a) b) c) Active ingredient 25%  50% 75% Sodium lignosulfonate 5%  5% — Sodium lauryl sulfate 3% —  5% Sodium diisobutyl- —  6% 10% naphthalenesulfonate Octylphenoxypolyethylene —  2% — glycol ether (7-8 mol of EO) Highly disperse silica 5% 10% 10% Kaolin 62%  27% —

The active ingredient is mixed with the additives and the mixture is ground thoroughly in a suitable mill. This gives wettable powders, which can be diluted with water to give suspensions of any desired concentration.

Example F6: Extruder Granules

Active ingredient 10% Sodium lignosulfonate  2% Carboxymethylcellulose  1% Kaolin 87%

The active ingredient is mixed with the additives, and the mixture is ground, moistened with water, extruded, granulated and dried in a stream of air.

Example F7: Coated Granules

Active ingredient 3% Polyethylene glycol (MW 200) 3% Kaolin 94% 

In a mixer, the finely ground active ingredient is applied uniformly to the kaolin, which has been moistened with the polyethylene glycol. This gives dust-free coated granules.

Example F8: Suspension Concentrate

Active ingredient 40% Ethylene glycol 10% Nonylphenoxypolyethylene glycol ether (15 mol of EO)  6% Sodium lignosulfonate 10% Carboxymethylcellulose  1% 37% aqueous formaldehyde solution 0.2%  Silicone oil (75% aqueous emulsion) 0.8%  Water 32%

The finely ground active ingredient is mixed intimately with the additives. Suspensions of any desired concentration can be prepared from the thus resulting suspension concentrate by dilution with water.

Example F9: Powders for Dry Seed Treatment

a) b) c) active ingredient 25% 50% 75% light mineral oil  5%  5%  5% highly dispersed silicic acid  5%  5% — Kaolin 65% 40% — Talcum — — 20%

The combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording powders that can be used directly for seed treatment.

Example F10: Emulsifiable Concentrate

active ingredient 10% octylphenol polyethylene glycol ether  3% (4-5 mol of ethylene oxide) calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate  3% castor oil polyglycol ether (35 mol of ethylene oxide)  4% Cyclohexanone 30% xylene mixture 50%

Emulsions of any required dilution, which can be used in plant protection, can be obtained from this concentrate by dilution with water.

Example F11: Flowable Concentrate for Seed Treatment

active ingredients 40%  propylene glycol 5% copolymer butanol PO/EO 2% Tristyrenephenole with 10-20 moles EO 2% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (in the form of a 20% solution in 0.5%  water) monoazo-pigment calcium salt 5% Silicone oil (in the form of a 75% emulsion in water) 0.2%  Water 45.3%  

The finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion.

The activity of the compositions according to the invention can be broadened considerably, and adapted to prevailing circumstances, by adding other insecticidally, acaricidally and/or fungicidally active ingredients. The mixtures of the compounds of formula I with other insecticidally, acaricidally and/or fungicidally active ingredients may also have further surprising advantages which can also be described, in a wider sense, as synergistic activity. For example, better tolerance by plants, reduced phytotoxicity, insects can be controlled in their different development stages or better behaviour during their production, for example during grinding or mixing, during their storage or during their use. Suitable additions to active ingredients here are, for example, representatives of the following classes of active ingredients: organophosphorus compounds, nitrophenol derivatives, thioureas, juvenile hormones, formamidines, benzophenone derivatives, ureas, pyrrole derivatives, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, acylureas, pyridylmethyleneamino derivatives, macrolides, neonicotinoids and Bacillus thuringiensis preparations.

The following mixtures of the compounds of formula I with active ingredients are preferred (the abbreviation “TX” means “one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds described in Tables 1 to 6 of the present invention”):

an adjuvant selected from the group of substances consisting of petroleum oils (alternative name) (628)+TX,

an acaricide selected from the group of substances consisting of 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethoxyethanol (IUPAC name) (910)+TX, 2,4-dichlorophenyl benzenesulfonate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1059)+TX, 2-fluoro-N-methyl-N-1-naphthylacetamide (IUPAC name) (1295)+TX, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl sulfone (IUPAC name) (981)+TX, abamectin (1)+TX, acequinocyl (3)+TX, acetoprole [CCN]+TX, acrinathrin (9)+TX, aldicarb (16)+TX, aldoxycarb (863)+TX, alpha-cypermethrin (202)+TX, amidithion (870)+TX, amidoflumet [CCN]+TX, amidothioate (872)+TX, amiton (875)+TX, amiton hydrogen oxalate (875)+TX, amitraz (24)+TX, aramite (881)+TX, arsenous oxide (882)+TX, AVI 382 (compound code)+TX, AZ 60541 (compound code)+TX, azinphos-ethyl (44)+TX, azinphos-methyl (45)+TX, azobenzene (IUPAC name) (888)+TX, azocyclotin (46)+TX, azothoate (889)+TX, benomyl (62)+TX, benoxafos (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, benzoximate (71)+TX, benzyl benzoate (IUPAC name) [CCN]+TX, bifenazate (74)+TX, bifenthrin (76)+TX, binapacryl (907)+TX, brofenvalerate (alternative name)+TX, bromocyclen (918)+TX, bromophos (920)+TX, bromophos-ethyl (921)+TX, bromopropylate (94)+TX, buprofezin (99)+TX, butocarboxim (103)+TX, butoxycarboxim (104)+TX, butylpyridaben (alternative name)+TX, calcium polysulfide (IUPAC name) (111)+TX, camphechlor (941)+TX, carbanolate (943)+TX, carbaryl (115)+TX, carbofuran (118)+TX, carbophenothion (947)+TX, CGA 50′439 (development code) (125)+TX, chinomethionat (126)+TX, chlorbenside (959)+TX, chlordimeform (964)+TX, chlordimeform hydrochloride (964)+TX, chlorfenapyr (130)+TX, chlorfenethol (968)+TX, chlorfenson (970)+TX, chlorfensulfide (971)+TX, chlorfenvinphos (131)+TX, chlorobenzilate (975)+TX, chloromebuform (977)+TX, chloromethiuron (978)+TX, chloropropylate (983)+TX, chlorpyrifos (145)+TX, chlorpyrifos-methyl (146)+TX, chlorthiophos (994)+TX, cinerin I (696)+TX, cinerin II (696)+TX, cinerins (696)+TX, clofentezine (158)+TX, closantel (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, coumaphos (174)+TX, crotamiton (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, crotoxyphos (1010)+TX, cufraneb (1013)+TX, cyanthoate (1020)+TX, cyflumetofen (CAS Reg. No.: 400882-07-7)+TX, cyhalothrin (196)+TX, cyhexatin (199)+TX, cypermethrin (201)+TX, DCPM (1032)+TX, DDT (219)+TX, demephion (1037)+TX, demephion-O (1037)+TX, demephion-S (1037)+TX, demeton (1038)+TX, demeton-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-O (1038)+TX, demeton-O-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-S (1038)+TX, demeton-S-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-S-methylsulfon (1039)+TX, diafenthiuron (226)+TX, dialifos (1042)+TX, diazinon (227)+TX, dichlofluanid (230)+TX, dichlorvos (236)+TX, dicliphos (alternative name)+TX, dicofol (242)+TX, dicrotophos (243)+TX, dienochlor (1071)+TX, dimefox (1081)+TX, dimethoate (262)+TX, dinactin (alternative name) (653)+TX, dinex (1089)+TX, dinex-diclexine (1089)+TX, dinobuton (269)+TX, dinocap (270)+TX, dinocap-4 [CCN]+TX, dinocap-6 [CCN]+TX, dinocton (1090)+TX, dinopenton (1092)+TX, dinosulfon (1097)+TX, dinoterbon (1098)+TX, dioxathion (1102)+TX, diphenyl sulfone (IUPAC name) (1103)+TX, disulfiram (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, disulfoton (278)+TX, DNOC (282)+TX, dofenapyn (1113)+TX, doramectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, endosulfan (294)+TX, endothion (1121)+TX, EPN (297)+TX, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ethion (309)+TX, ethoate-methyl (1134)+TX, etoxazole (320)+TX, etrimfos (1142)+TX, fenazaflor (1147)+TX, fenazaquin (328)+TX, fenbutatin oxide (330)+TX, fenothiocarb (337)+TX, fenpropathrin (342)+TX, fenpyrad (alternative name)+TX, fenpyroximate (345)+TX, fenson (1157)+TX, fentrifanil (1161)+TX, fenvalerate (349)+TX, fipronil (354)+TX, fluacrypyrim (360)+TX, fluazuron (1166)+TX, flubenzimine (1167)+TX, flucycloxuron (366)+TX, flucythrinate (367)+TX, fluenetil (1169)+TX, flufenoxuron (370)+TX, flumethrin (372)+TX, fluorbenside (1174)+TX, fluvalinate (1184)+TX, FMC 1137 (development code) (1185)+TX, formetanate (405)+TX, formetanate hydrochloride (405)+TX, formothion (1192)+TX, formparanate (1193)+TX, gamma-HCH (430)+TX, glyodin (1205)+TX, halfenprox (424)+TX, heptenophos (432)+TX, hexadecyl cyclopropanecarboxylate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1216)+TX, hexythiazox (441)+TX, iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542)+TX, isocarbophos (alternative name) (473)+TX, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl)salicylate (IUPAC name) (473)+TX, ivermectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, jasmolin I (696)+TX, jasmolin II (696)+TX, jodfenphos (1248)+TX, lindane (430)+TX, lufenuron (490)+TX, malathion (492)+TX, malonoben (1254)+TX, mecarbam (502)+TX, mephosfolan (1261)+TX, mesulfen (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, methacrifos (1266)+TX, methamidophos (527)+TX, methidathion (529)+TX, methiocarb (530)+TX, methomyl (531)+TX, methyl bromide (537)+TX, metolcarb (550)+TX, mevinphos (556)+TX, mexacarbate (1290)+TX, milbemectin (557)+TX, milbemycin oxime (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, mipafox (1293)+TX, monocrotophos (561)+TX, morphothion (1300)+TX, moxidectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, naled (567)+TX, NC-184 (compound code)+TX, NC-512 (compound code)+TX, nifluridide (1309)+TX, nikkomycins (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, nitrilacarb (1313)+TX, nitrilacarb 1:1 zinc chloride complex (1313)+TX, NNI-0101 (compound code)+TX, NNI-0250 (compound code)+TX, omethoate (594)+TX, oxamyl (602)+TX, oxydeprofos (1324)+TX, oxydisulfoton (1325)+TX, pp′-DDT (219)+TX, parathion (615)+TX, permethrin (626)+TX, petroleum oils (alternative name) (628)+TX, phenkapton (1330)+TX, phenthoate (631)+TX, phorate (636)+TX, phosalone (637)+TX, phosfolan (1338)+TX, phosmet (638)+TX, phosphamidon (639)+TX, phoxim (642)+TX, pirimiphos-methyl (652)+TX, polychloroterpenes (traditional name) (1347)+TX, polynactins (alternative name) (653)+TX, proclonol (1350)+TX, profenofos (662)+TX, promacyl (1354)+TX, propargite (671)+TX, propetamphos (673)+TX, propoxur (678)+TX, prothidathion (1360)+TX, prothoate (1362)+TX, pyrethrin I (696)+TX, pyrethrin II (696)+TX, pyrethrins (696)+TX, pyridaben (699)+TX, pyridaphenthion (701)+TX, pyrimidifen (706)+TX, pyrimitate (1370)+TX, quinalphos (711)+TX, quintiofos (1381)+TX, R-1492 (development code) (1382)+TX, RA-17 (development code) (1383)+TX, rotenone (722)+TX, schradan (1389)+TX, sebufos (alternative name)+TX, selamectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, SI-0009 (compound code)+TX, sophamide (1402)+TX, spirodiclofen (738)+TX, spiromesifen (739)+TX, SSI-121 (development code) (1404)+TX, sulfiram (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, sulfluramid (750)+TX, sulfotep (753)+TX, sulfur (754)+TX, SZI-121 (development code) (757)+TX, tau-fluvalinate (398)+TX, tebufenpyrad (763)+TX, TEPP (1417)+TX, terbam (alternative name)+TX, tetrachlorvinphos (777)+TX, tetradifon (786)+TX, tetranactin (alternative name) (653)+TX, tetrasul (1425)+TX, thiafenox (alternative name)+TX, thiocarboxime (1431)+TX, thiofanox (800)+TX, thiometon (801)+TX, thioquinox (1436)+TX, thuringiensin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, triamiphos (1441)+TX, triarathene (1443)+TX, triazophos (820)+TX, triazuron (alternative name)+TX, trichlorfon (824)+TX, trifenofos (1455)+TX, trinactin (alternative name) (653)+TX, vamidothion (847)+TX, vaniliprole [CCN] and YI-5302 (compound code)+TX, an algicide selected from the group of substances consisting of bethoxazin [CCN]+TX, copper dioctanoate (IUPAC name) (170)+TX, copper sulfate (172)+TX, cybutryne [CCN]+TX, dichlone (1052)+TX, dichlorophen (232)+TX, endothal (295)+TX, fentin (347)+TX, hydrated lime [CCN]+TX, nabam (566)+TX, quinoclamine (714)+TX, quinonamid (1379)+TX, simazine (730)+TX, triphenyltin acetate (IUPAC name) (347) and triphenyltin hydroxide (IUPAC name) (347)+TX, an anthelmintic selected from the group of substances consisting of abamectin (1)+TX, crufomate (1011)+TX, doramectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, emamectin (291)+TX, emamectin benzoate (291)+TX, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ivermectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, milbemycin oxime (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, moxidectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, piperazine [CCN]+TX, selamectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, spinosad (737) and thiophanate (1435)+TX, an avicide selected from the group of substances consisting of chloralose (127)+TX, endrin (1122)+TX, fenthion (346)+TX, pyridin-4-amine (IUPAC name) (23) and strychnine (745)+TX, a bactericide selected from the group of substances consisting of 1-hydroxy-1H-pyridine-2-thione (IUPAC name) (1222)+TX, 4-(quinoxalin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide (IUPAC name) (748)+TX, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (446)+TX, bronopol (97)+TX, copper dioctanoate (IUPAC name) (170)+TX, copper hydroxide (IUPAC name) (169)+TX, cresol [CCN]+TX, dichlorophen (232)+TX, dipyrithione (1105)+TX, dodicin (1112)+TX, fenaminosulf (1144)+TX, formaldehyde (404)+TX, hydrargaphen (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, kasugamycin (483)+TX, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (483)+TX, nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) (IUPAC name) (1308)+TX, nitrapyrin (580)+TX, octhilinone (590)+TX, oxolinic acid (606)+TX, oxytetracycline (611)+TX, potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate (446)+TX, probenazole (658)+TX, streptomycin (744)+TX, streptomycin sesquisulfate (744)+TX, tecloftalam (766)+TX, and thiomersal (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, a biological agent selected from the group of substances consisting of Adoxophyes orana GV (alternative name) (12)+TX, Agrobacterium radiobacter (alternative name) (13)+TX, Amblyseius spp. (alternative name) (19)+TX, Anagrapha falcifera NPV (alternative name) (28)+TX, Anagrus atomus (alternative name) (29)+TX, Aphelinus abdominalis (alternative name) (33)+TX, Aphidius colemani (alternative name) (34)+TX, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (alternative name) (35)+TX, Autographa californica NPV (alternative name) (38)+TX, Bacillus firmus (alternative name) (48)+TX, Bacillus sphaericus Neide (scientific name) (49)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (scientific name) (51)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (scientific name) (51)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (scientific name) (51)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. japonensis (scientific name) (51)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (scientific name) (51)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (scientific name) (51)+TX, Beauveria bassiana (alternative name) (53)+TX, Beauveria brongniartii (alternative name) (54)+TX, Chrysoperla carnea (alternative name) (151)+TX, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (alternative name) (178)+TX, Cydia pomonella GV (alternative name) (191)+TX, Dacnusa sibirica (alternative name) (212)+TX, Diglyphus isaea (alternative name) (254)+TX, Encarsia formosa (scientific name) (293)+TX, Eretmocerus eremicus (alternative name) (300)+TX, Helicoverpa zea NPV (alternative name) (431)+TX, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H. megidis (alternative name) (433)+TX, Hippodamia convergens (alternative name) (442)+TX, Leptomastix dactylopii (alternative name) (488)+TX, Macrolophus caliginosus (alternative name) (491)+TX, Mamestra brassicae NPV (alternative name) (494)+TX, Metaphycus helvolus (alternative name) (522)+TX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (scientific name) (523)+TX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (scientific name) (523)+TX, Neodiprion sertifer NPV and N. lecontei NPV (alternative name) (575)+TX, Orius spp. (alternative name) (596)+TX, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (alternative name) (613)+TX, Phytoseiulus persimilis (alternative name) (644)+TX, Spodoptera exigua multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (scientific name) (741)+TX, Steinernema bibionis (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema carpocapsae (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema feltiae (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema glaseri (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema riobrave (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema riobravis (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema scapterisci (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema spp. (alternative name) (742)+TX, Trichogramma spp. (alternative name) (826)+TX, Typhlodromus occidentalis (alternative name) (844) and Verticillium lecanii (alternative name) (848)+TX, a soil sterilant selected from the group of substances consisting of iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542) and methyl bromide (537)+TX, a chemosterilant selected from the group of substances consisting of apholate [CCN]+TX, bisazir (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, busulfan (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, diflubenzuron (250)+TX, dimatif (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, hemel [CCN]+TX, hempa [CCN]+TX, metepa [CCN]+TX, methiotepa [CCN]+TX, methyl apholate [CCN]+TX, morzid [CCN]+TX, penfluron (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, tepa [CCN]+TX, thiohempa (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, thiotepa (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, tretamine (alternative name) [CCN] and uredepa (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, an insect pheromone selected from the group of substances consisting of (E)-dec-5-en-1-yl acetate with (E)-dec-5-en-1-ol (IUPAC name) (222)+TX, (E)-tridec-4-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (829)+TX, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-ol (IUPAC name) (541)+TX, (E,Z)-tetradeca-4,10-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (779)+TX, (Z)-dodec-7-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (285)+TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-enal (IUPAC name) (436)+TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (437)+TX, (Z)-hexadec-13-en-11-yn-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (438)+TX, (Z)-icos-13-en-10-one (IUPAC name) (448)+TX, (Z)-tetradec-7-en-1-al (IUPAC name) (782)+TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-ol (IUPAC name) (783)+TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (784)+TX, (7E,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (283)+TX, (9Z,11E)-tetradeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (780)+TX, (9Z,12E)-tetradeca-9,12-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (781)+TX, 14-methyloctadec-1-ene (IUPAC name) (545)+TX, 4-methylnonan-5-ol with 4-methylnonan-5-one (IUPAC name) (544)+TX, alpha-multistriatin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, brevicomin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, codlelure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, codlemone (alternative name) (167)+TX, cuelure (alternative name) (179)+TX, disparlure (277)+TX, dodec-8-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (286)+TX, dodec-9-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (287)+TX, dodeca-8+TX, 10-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (284)+TX, dominicalure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ethyl 4-methyloctanoate (IUPAC name) (317)+TX, eugenol (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, frontalin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, gossyplure (alternative name) (420)+TX, grandlure (421)+TX, grandlure I (alternative name) (421)+TX, grandlure II (alternative name) (421)+TX, grandlure III (alternative name) (421)+TX, grandlure IV (alternative name) (421)+TX, hexalure [CCN]+TX, ipsdienol (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ipsenol (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, japonilure (alternative name) (481)+TX, lineatin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, litlure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, looplure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, medlure [CCN]+TX, megatomoic acid (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, methyl eugenol (alternative name) (540)+TX, muscalure (563)+TX, octadeca-2,13-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (588)+TX, octadeca-3,13-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (589)+TX, orfralure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, oryctalure (alternative name) (317)+TX, ostramone (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, siglure [CCN]+TX, sordidin (alternative name) (736)+TX, sulcatol (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, tetradec-11-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (785)+TX, trimedlure (839)+TX, trimedlure A (alternative name) (839)+TX, trimedlure B₁ (alternative name) (839)+TX, trimedlure B₂ (alternative name) (839)+TX, trimedlure C (alternative name) (839) and trunc-call (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, an insect repellent selected from the group of substances consisting of 2-(octylthio)ethanol (IUPAC name) (591)+TX, butopyronoxyl (933)+TX, butoxy(polypropylene glycol) (936)+TX, dibutyl adipate (IUPAC name) (1046)+TX, dibutyl phthalate (1047)+TX, dibutyl succinate (IUPAC name) (1048)+TX, diethyltoluamide [CCN]+TX, dimethyl carbate [CCN]+TX, dimethyl phthalate [CCN]+TX, ethyl hexanediol (1137)+TX, hexamide [CCN]+TX, methoquin-butyl (1276)+TX, methylneodecanamide [CCN]+TX, oxamate [CCN] and picaridin [CCN]+TX, an insecticide selected from the group of substances consisting of 1-dichloro-1-nitroethane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1058)+TX, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-ethylphenyl)ethane (IUPAC name) (1056), +TX, 1,2-dichloropropane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1062)+TX, 1,2-dichloropropane with 1,3-dichloropropene (IUPAC name) (1063)+TX, 1-bromo-2-chloroethane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (916)+TX, 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl acetate (IUPAC name) (1451)+TX, 2,2-dichlorovinyl 2-ethylsulfinylethyl methyl phosphate (IUPAC name) (1066)+TX, 2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)phenyl dimethylcarbamate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1109)+TX, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl thiocyanate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (935)+TX, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl methylcarbamate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1084)+TX, 2-(4-chloro-3,5-xylyloxy)ethanol (IUPAC name) (986)+TX, 2-chlorovinyl diethyl phosphate (IUPAC name) (984)+TX, 2-imidazolidone (IUPAC name) (1225)+TX, 2-isovalerylindan-1,3-dione (IUPAC name) (1246)+TX, 2-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)aminophenyl methylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1284)+TX, 2-thiocyanatoethyl laurate (IUPAC name) (1433)+TX, 3-bromo-1-chloroprop-1-ene (IUPAC name) (917)+TX, 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-yl dimethylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1283)+TX, 4-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)amino-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1285)+TX, 5,5-dimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-enyl dimethylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1085)+TX, abamectin (1)+TX, acephate (2)+TX, acetamiprid (4)+TX, acethion (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, acetoprole [CCN]+TX, acrinathrin (9)+TX, acrylonitrile (IUPAC name) (861)+TX, alanycarb (15)+TX, aldicarb (16)+TX, aldoxycarb (863)+TX, aldrin (864)+TX, allethrin (17)+TX, allosamidin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, allyxycarb (866)+TX, alpha-cypermethrin (202)+TX, alpha-ecdysone (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, aluminium phosphide (640)+TX, amidithion (870)+TX, amidothioate (872)+TX, aminocarb (873)+TX, amiton (875)+TX, amiton hydrogen oxalate (875)+TX, amitraz (24)+TX, anabasine (877)+TX, athidathion (883)+TX, AVI 382 (compound code)+TX, AZ 60541 (compound code)+TX, azadirachtin (alternative name) (41)+TX, azamethiphos (42)+TX, azinphos-ethyl (44)+TX, azinphos-methyl (45)+TX, azothoate (889)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxins (alternative name) (52)+TX, barium hexafluorosilicate (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, barium polysulfide (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (892)+TX, barthrin [CCN]+TX, Bayer 22/190 (development code) (893)+TX, Bayer 22408 (development code) (894)+TX, bendiocarb (58)+TX, benfuracarb (60)+TX, bensultap (66)+TX, beta-cyfluthrin (194)+TX, beta-cypermethrin (203)+TX, bifenthrin (76)+TX, bioallethrin (78)+TX, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer (alternative name) (79)+TX, bioethanomethrin [CCN]+TX, biopermethrin (908)+TX, bioresmethrin (80)+TX, bis(2-chloroethyl) ether (IUPAC name) (909)+TX, bistrifluron (83)+TX, borax (86)+TX, brofenvalerate (alternative name)+TX, bromfenvinfos (914)+TX, bromocyclen (918)+TX, bromo-DDT (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, bromophos (920)+TX, bromophos-ethyl (921)+TX, bufencarb (924)+TX, buprofezin (99)+TX, butacarb (926)+TX, butathiofos (927)+TX, butocarboxim (103)+TX, butonate (932)+TX, butoxycarboxim (104)+TX, butylpyridaben (alternative name)+TX, cadusafos (109)+TX, calcium arsenate [CCN]+TX, calcium cyanide (444)+TX, calcium polysulfide (IUPAC name) (111)+TX, camphechlor (941)+TX, carbanolate (943)+TX, carbaryl (115)+TX, carbofuran (118)+TX, carbon disulfide (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (945)+TX, carbon tetrachloride (IUPAC name) (946)+TX, carbophenothion (947)+TX, carbosulfan (119)+TX, cartap (123)+TX, cartap hydrochloride (123)+TX, cevadine (alternative name) (725)+TX, chlorbicyclen (960)+TX, chlordane (128)+TX, chlordecone (963)+TX, chlordimeform (964)+TX, chlordimeform hydrochloride (964)+TX, chlorethoxyfos (129)+TX, chlorfenapyr (130)+TX, chlorfenvinphos (131)+TX, chlorfluazuron (132)+TX, chlormephos (136)+TX, chloroform [CCN]+TX, chloropicrin (141)+TX, chlorphoxim (989)+TX, chlorprazophos (990)+TX, chlorpyrifos (145)+TX, chlorpyrifos-methyl (146)+TX, chlorthiophos (994)+TX, chromafenozide (150)+TX, cinerin I (696)+TX, cinerin II (696)+TX, cinerins (696)+TX, cis-resmethrin (alternative name)+TX, cismethrin (80)+TX, clocythrin (alternative name)+TX, cloethocarb (999)+TX, closantel (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, clothianidin (165)+TX, copper acetoarsenite [CCN]+TX, copper arsenate [CCN]+TX, copper oleate [CCN]+TX, coumaphos (174)+TX, coumithoate (1006)+TX, crotamiton (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, crotoxyphos (1010)+TX, crufomate (1011)+TX, cryolite (alternative name) (177)+TX, CS 708 (development code) (1012)+TX, cyanofenphos (1019)+TX, cyanophos (184)+TX, cyanthoate (1020)+TX, cyclethrin [CCN]+TX, cycloprothrin (188)+TX, cyfluthrin (193)+TX, cyhalothrin (196)+TX, cypermethrin (201)+TX, cyphenothrin (206)+TX, cyromazine (209)+TX, cythioate (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, d-limonene (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, d-tetramethrin (alternative name) (788)+TX, DAEP (1031)+TX, dazomet (216)+TX, DDT (219)+TX, decarbofuran (1034)+TX, deltamethrin (223)+TX, demephion (1037)+TX, demephion-O (1037)+TX, demephion-S (1037)+TX, demeton (1038)+TX, demeton-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-O (1038)+TX, demeton-O-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-S (1038)+TX, demeton-S-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-S-methylsulphon (1039)+TX, diafenthiuron (226)+TX, dialifos (1042)+TX, diamidafos (1044)+TX, diazinon (227)+TX, dicapthon (1050)+TX, dichlofenthion (1051)+TX, dichlorvos (236)+TX, dicliphos (alternative name)+TX, dicresyl (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, dicrotophos (243)+TX, dicyclanil (244)+TX, dieldrin (1070)+TX, diethyl 5-methylpyrazol-3-yl phosphate (IUPAC name) (1076)+TX, diflubenzuron (250)+TX, dilor (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, dimefluthrin [CCN]+TX, dimefox (1081)+TX, dimetan (1085)+TX, dimethoate (262)+TX, dimethrin (1083)+TX, dimethylvinphos (265)+TX, dimetilan (1086)+TX, dinex (1089)+TX, dinex-diclexine (1089)+TX, dinoprop (1093)+TX, dinosam (1094)+TX, dinoseb (1095)+TX, dinotefuran (271)+TX, diofenolan (1099)+TX, dioxabenzofos (1100)+TX, dioxacarb (1101)+TX, dioxathion (1102)+TX, disulfoton (278)+TX, dithicrofos (1108)+TX, DNOC (282)+TX, doramectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, DSP (1115)+TX, ecdysterone (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, EI 1642 (development code) (1118)+TX, emamectin (291)+TX, emamectin benzoate (291)+TX, EMPC (1120)+TX, empenthrin (292)+TX, endosulfan (294)+TX, endothion (1121)+TX, endrin (1122)+TX, EPBP (1123)+TX, EPN (297)+TX, epofenonane (1124)+TX, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, esfenvalerate (302)+TX, etaphos (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ethiofencarb (308)+TX, ethion (309)+TX, ethiprole (310)+TX, ethoate-methyl (1134)+TX, ethoprophos (312)+TX, ethyl formate (IUPAC name) [CCN]+TX, ethyl-DDD (alternative name) (1056)+TX, ethylene dibromide (316)+TX, ethylene dichloride (chemical name) (1136)+TX, ethylene oxide [CCN]+TX, etofenprox (319)+TX, etrimfos (1142)+TX, EXD (1143)+TX, famphur (323)+TX, fenamiphos (326)+TX, fenazaflor (1147)+TX, fenchlorphos (1148)+TX, fenethacarb (1149)+TX, fenfluthrin (1150)+TX, fenitrothion (335)+TX, fenobucarb (336)+TX, fenoxacrim (1153)+TX, fenoxycarb (340)+TX, fenpirithrin (1155)+TX, fenpropathrin (342)+TX, fenpyrad (alternative name)+TX, fensulfothion (1158)+TX, fenthion (346)+TX, fenthion-ethyl [CCN]+TX, fenvalerate (349)+TX, fipronil (354)+TX, flonicamid (358)+TX, flubendiamide (CAS. Reg. No.: 272451-65-7)+TX, flucofuron (1168)+TX, flucycloxuron (366)+TX, flucythrinate (367)+TX, fluenetil (1169)+TX, flufenerim [CCN]+TX, flufenoxuron (370)+TX, flufenprox (1171)+TX, flumethrin (372)+TX, fluvalinate (1184)+TX, FMC 1137 (development code) (1185)+TX, fonofos (1191)+TX, formetanate (405)+TX, formetanate hydrochloride (405)+TX, formothion (1192)+TX, formparanate (1193)+TX, fosmethilan (1194)+TX, fospirate (1195)+TX, fosthiazate (408)+TX, fosthietan (1196)+TX, furathiocarb (412)+TX, furethrin (1200)+TX, gamma-cyhalothrin (197)+TX, gamma-HCH (430)+TX, guazatine (422)+TX, guazatine acetates (422)+TX, GY-81 (development code) (423)+TX, halfenprox (424)+TX, halofenozide (425)+TX, HCH (430)+TX, HEOD (1070)+TX, heptachlor (1211)+TX, heptenophos (432)+TX, heterophos [CCN]+TX, hexaflumuron (439)+TX, HHDN (864)+TX, hydramethylnon (443)+TX, hydrogen cyanide (444)+TX, hydroprene (445)+TX, hyquincarb (1223)+TX, imidacloprid (458)+TX, imiprothrin (460)+TX, indoxacarb (465)+TX, iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542)+TX, IPSP (1229)+TX, isazofos (1231)+TX, isobenzan (1232)+TX, isocarbophos (alternative name) (473)+TX, isodrin (1235)+TX, isofenphos (1236)+TX, isolane (1237)+TX, isoprocarb (472)+TX, isopropyl O-(methoxy-aminothiophosphoryl)salicylate (IUPAC name) (473)+TX, isoprothiolane (474)+TX, isothioate (1244)+TX, isoxathion (480)+TX, ivermectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, jasmolin I (696)+TX, jasmolin II (696)+TX, jodfenphos (1248)+TX, juvenile hormone I (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, juvenile hormone II (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, juvenile hormone III (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, kelevan (1249)+TX, kinoprene (484)+TX, lambda-cyhalothrin (198)+TX, lead arsenate [CCN]+TX, lepimectin (CCN)+TX, leptophos (1250)+TX, lindane (430)+TX, lirimfos (1251)+TX, lufenuron (490)+TX, lythidathion (1253)+TX, m-cumenyl methylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1014)+TX, magnesium phosphide (IUPAC name) (640)+TX, malathion (492)+TX, malonoben (1254)+TX, mazidox (1255)+TX, mecarbam (502)+TX, mecarphon (1258)+TX, menazon (1260)+TX, mephosfolan (1261)+TX, mercurous chloride (513)+TX, mesulfenfos (1263)+TX, metaflumizone (CCN)+TX, metam (519)+TX, metam-potassium (alternative name) (519)+TX, metam-sodium (519)+TX, methacrifos (1266)+TX, methamidophos (527)+TX, methanesulfonyl fluoride (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1268)+TX, methidathion (529)+TX, methiocarb (530)+TX, methocrotophos (1273)+TX, methomyl (531)+TX, methoprene (532)+TX, methoquin-butyl (1276)+TX, methothrin (alternative name) (533)+TX, methoxychlor (534)+TX, methoxyfenozide (535)+TX, methyl bromide (537)+TX, methyl isothiocyanate (543)+TX, methylchloroform (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, methylene chloride [CCN]+TX, metofluthrin [CCN]+TX, metolcarb (550)+TX, metoxadiazone (1288)+TX, mevinphos (556)+TX, mexacarbate (1290)+TX, milbemectin (557)+TX, milbemycin oxime (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, mipafox (1293)+TX, mirex (1294)+TX, monocrotophos (561)+TX, morphothion (1300)+TX, moxidectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, naftalofos (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, naled (567)+TX, naphthalene (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1303)+TX, NC-170 (development code) (1306)+TX, NC-184 (compound code)+TX, nicotine (578)+TX, nicotine sulfate (578)+TX, nifluridide (1309)+TX, nitenpyram (579)+TX, nithiazine (1311)+TX, nitrilacarb (1313)+TX, nitrilacarb 1:1 zinc chloride complex (1313)+TX, NNI-0101 (compound code)+TX, NNI-0250 (compound code)+TX, nornicotine (traditional name) (1319)+TX, novaluron (585)+TX, noviflumuron (586)+TX, O-5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl O-ethyl ethylphosphonothioate (IUPAC name) (1057)+TX, O,O-diethyl O-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl phosphorothioate (IUPAC name) (1074)+TX, O,O-diethyl O-6-methyl-2-propylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate (IUPAC name) (1075)+TX, O,O,O′,O′-tetrapropyl dithiopyrophosphate (IUPAC name) (1424)+TX, oleic acid (IUPAC name) (593)+TX, omethoate (594)+TX, oxamyl (602)+TX, oxydemeton-methyl (609)+TX, oxydeprofos (1324)+TX, oxydisulfoton (1325)+TX, pp′-DDT (219)+TX, para-dichlorobenzene [CCN]+TX, parathion (615)+TX, parathion-methyl (616)+TX, penfluron (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, pentachlorophenol (623)+TX, pentachlorophenyl laurate (IUPAC name) (623)+TX, permethrin (626)+TX, petroleum oils (alternative name) (628)+TX, PH 60-38 (development code) (1328)+TX, phenkapton (1330)+TX, phenothrin (630)+TX, phenthoate (631)+TX, phorate (636)+TX, phosalone (637)+TX, phosfolan (1338)+TX, phosmet (638)+TX, phosnichlor (1339)+TX, phosphamidon (639)+TX, phosphine (IUPAC name) (640)+TX, phoxim (642)+TX, phoxim-methyl (1340)+TX, pirimetaphos (1344)+TX, pirimicarb (651)+TX, pirimiphos-ethyl (1345)+TX, pirimiphos-methyl (652)+TX, polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers (IUPAC name) (1346)+TX, polychloroterpenes (traditional name) (1347)+TX, potassium arsenite [CCN]+TX, potassium thiocyanate [CCN]+TX, prallethrin (655)+TX, precocene I (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, precocene II (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, precocene Ill (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, primidophos (1349)+TX, profenofos (662)+TX, profluthrin [CCN]+TX, promacyl (1354)+TX, promecarb (1355)+TX, propaphos (1356)+TX, propetamphos (673)+TX, propoxur (678)+TX, prothidathion (1360)+TX, prothiofos (686)+TX, prothoate (1362)+TX, protrifenbute [CCN]+TX, pymetrozine (688)+TX, pyraclofos (689)+TX, pyrazophos (693)+TX, pyresmethrin (1367)+TX, pyrethrin I (696)+TX, pyrethrin II (696)+TX, pyrethrins (696)+TX, pyridaben (699)+TX, pyridalyl (700)+TX, pyridaphenthion (701)+TX, pyrimidifen (706)+TX, pyrimitate (1370)+TX, pyriproxyfen (708)+TX, quassia (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, quinalphos (711)+TX, quinalphos-methyl (1376)+TX, quinothion (1380)+TX, quintiofos (1381)+TX, R-1492 (development code) (1382)+TX, rafoxanide (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, resmethrin (719)+TX, rotenone (722)+TX, RU 15525 (development code) (723)+TX, RU 25475 (development code) (1386)+TX, ryania (alternative name) (1387)+TX, ryanodine (traditional name) (1387)+TX, sabadilla (alternative name) (725)+TX, schradan (1389)+TX, sebufos (alternative name)+TX, selamectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, SI-0009 (compound code)+TX, SI-0205 (compound code)+TX, SI-0404 (compound code)+TX, SI-0405 (compound code)+TX, silafluofen (728)+TX, SN 72129 (development code) (1397)+TX, sodium arsenite [CCN]+TX, sodium cyanide (444)+TX, sodium fluoride (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1399)+TX, sodium hexafluorosilicate (1400)+TX, sodium pentachlorophenoxide (623)+TX, sodium selenate (IUPAC name) (1401)+TX, sodium thiocyanate [CCN]+TX, sophamide (1402)+TX, spinosad (737)+TX, spiromesifen (739)+TX, spirotetrmat (CCN)+TX, sulcofuron (746)+TX, sulcofuron-sodium (746)+TX, sulfluramid (750)+TX, sulfotep (753)+TX, sulfuryl fluoride (756)+TX, sulprofos (1408)+TX, tar oils (alternative name) (758)+TX, tau-fluvalinate (398)+TX, tazimcarb (1412)+TX, TDE (1414)+TX, tebufenozide (762)+TX, tebufenpyrad (763)+TX, tebupirimfos (764)+TX, teflubenzuron (768)+TX, tefluthrin (769)+TX, temephos (770)+TX, TEPP (1417)+TX, terallethrin (1418)+TX, terbam (alternative name)+TX, terbufos (773)+TX, tetrachloroethane [CCN]+TX, tetrachlorvinphos (777)+TX, tetramethrin (787)+TX, theta-cypermethrin (204)+TX, thiacloprid (791)+TX, thiafenox (alternative name)+TX, thiamethoxam (792)+TX, thicrofos (1428)+TX, thiocarboxime (1431)+TX, thiocyclam (798)+TX, thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate (798)+TX, thiodicarb (799)+TX, thiofanox (800)+TX, thiometon (801)+TX, thionazin (1434)+TX, thiosultap (803)+TX, thiosultap-sodium (803)+TX, thuringiensin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, tolfenpyrad (809)+TX, tralomethrin (812)+TX, transfluthrin (813)+TX, transpermethrin (1440)+TX, triamiphos (1441)+TX, triazamate (818)+TX, triazophos (820)+TX, triazuron (alternative name)+TX, trichlorfon (824)+TX, trichlormetaphos-3 (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, trichloronat (1452)+TX, trifenofos (1455)+TX, triflumuron (835)+TX, trimethacarb (840)+TX, triprene (1459)+TX, vamidothion (847)+TX, vaniliprole [CCN]+TX, veratridine (alternative name) (725)+TX, veratrine (alternative name) (725)+TX, XMC (853)+TX, xylylcarb (854)+TX, YI-5302 (compound code)+TX, zeta-cypermethrin (205)+TX, zetamethrin (alternative name)+TX, zinc phosphide (640)+TX, zolaprofos (1469) and ZXI 8901 (development code) (858)+TX, cyantraniliprole [736994-63-19+TX, chlorantraniliprole [500008-45-7]+TX, cyenopyrafen [560121-52-0]+TX, cyflumetofen [400882-07-7]+TX, pyrifluquinazon [337458-27-2]+TX, spinetoram [187166-40-1+187166-15-0]+TX, spirotetramat [203313-25-1]+TX, sulfoxaflor [946578-00-3]+TX, flufiprole [704886-18-0]+TX, meperfluthrin [915288-13-0]+TX, tetramethylfluthrin [84937-88-2]+TX, triflumezopyrim (disclosed in WO 2012/092115)+TX, fluxametamide (WO 2007/026965)+TX, epsilon-metofluthrin [240494-71-7]+TX, epsilon-momfluorothrin [1065124-65-3]+TX, fluazaindolizine [1254304-22-7]+TX, chloroprallethrin [399572-87-3]+TX, fluxametamide [928783-29-3]+TX, cyhalodiamide [1262605-53-7]+TX, tioxazafen [330459-31-9]+TX, broflanilide [1207727-04-5]+TX, flufiprole [704886-18-0]+TX, cyclaniliprole [1031756-98-5]+TX, tetraniliprole [1229654-66-3]+TX, guadipyr (described in WO2010/060231)+TX, cycloxaprid (described in WO2005/077934)+TX, a molluscicide selected from the group of substances consisting of bis(tributyltin) oxide (IUPAC name) (913)+TX, bromoacetamide [CCN]+TX, calcium arsenate [CCN]+TX, cloethocarb (999)+TX, copper acetoarsenite [CCN]+TX, copper sulfate (172)+TX, fentin (347)+TX, ferric phosphate (IUPAC name) (352)+TX, metaldehyde (518)+TX, methiocarb (530)+TX, niclosamide (576)+TX, niclosamide-olamine (576)+TX, pentachlorophenol (623)+TX, sodium pentachlorophenoxide (623)+TX, tazimcarb (1412)+TX, thiodicarb (799)+TX, tributyltin oxide (913)+TX, trifenmorph (1454)+TX, trimethacarb (840)+TX, triphenyltin acetate (IUPAC name) (347) and triphenyltin hydroxide (IUPAC name) (347)+TX, pyriprole [394730-71-3]+TX, a nematicide selected from the group of substances consisting of AKD-3088 (compound code)+TX, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1045)+TX, 1,2-dichloropropane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1062)+TX, 1,2-dichloropropane with 1,3-dichloropropene (IUPAC name) (1063)+TX, 1,3-dichloropropene (233)+TX, 3,4-dichlorotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1065)+TX, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine (IUPAC name) (980)+TX, 5-methyl-6-thioxo-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-ylacetic acid (IUPAC name) (1286)+TX, 6-isopentenylaminopurine (alternative name) (210)+TX, abamectin (1)+TX, acetoprole [CCN]+TX, alanycarb (15)+TX, aldicarb (16)+TX, aldoxycarb (863)+TX, AZ 60541 (compound code)+TX, benclothiaz [CCN]+TX, benomyl (62)+TX, butylpyridaben (alternative name)+TX, cadusafos (109)+TX, carbofuran (118)+TX, carbon disulfide (945)+TX, carbosulfan (119)+TX, chloropicrin (141)+TX, chlorpyrifos (145)+TX, cloethocarb (999)+TX, cytokinins (alternative name) (210)+TX, dazomet (216)+TX, DBCP (1045)+TX, DCIP (218)+TX, diamidafos (1044)+TX, dichlofenthion (1051)+TX, dicliphos (alternative name)+TX, dimethoate (262)+TX, doramectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, emamectin (291)+TX, emamectin benzoate (291)+TX, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ethoprophos (312)+TX, ethylene dibromide (316)+TX, fenamiphos (326)+TX, fenpyrad (alternative name)+TX, fensulfothion (1158)+TX, fosthiazate (408)+TX, fosthietan (1196)+TX, furfural (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, GY-81 (development code) (423)+TX, heterophos [CCN]+TX, iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542)+TX, isamidofos (1230)+TX, isazofos (1231)+TX, ivermectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, kinetin (alternative name) (210)+TX, mecarphon (1258)+TX, metam (519)+TX, metam-potassium (alternative name) (519)+TX, metam-sodium (519)+TX, methyl bromide (537)+TX, methyl isothiocyanate (543)+TX, milbemycin oxime (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, moxidectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, Myrothecium verrucaria composition (alternative name) (565)+TX, NC-184 (compound code)+TX, oxamyl (602)+TX, phorate (636)+TX, phosphamidon (639)+TX, phosphocarb [CCN]+TX, sebufos (alternative name)+TX, selamectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, spinosad (737)+TX, terbam (alternative name)+TX, terbufos (773)+TX, tetrachlorothiophene (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1422)+TX, thiafenox (alternative name)+TX, thionazin (1434)+TX, triazophos (820)+TX, triazuron (alternative name)+TX, xylenols [CCN]+TX, YI-5302 (compound code) and zeatin (alternative name) (210)+TX, fluensulfone [318290-98-1]+TX, a nitrification inhibitor selected from the group of substances consisting of potassium ethylxanthate [CCN] and nitrapyrin (580)+TX, a plant activator selected from the group of substances consisting of acibenzolar (6)+TX, acibenzolar-S-methyl (6)+TX, probenazole (658) and Reynoutria sachalinensis extract (alternative name) (720)+TX, a rodenticide selected from the group of substances consisting of 2-isovalerylindan-1,3-dione (IUPAC name) (1246)+TX, 4-(quinoxalin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide (IUPAC name) (748)+TX, alpha-chlorohydrin [CCN]+TX, aluminium phosphide (640)+TX, antu (880)+TX, arsenous oxide (882)+TX, barium carbonate (891)+TX, bisthiosemi (912)+TX, brodifacoum (89)+TX, bromadiolone (91)+TX, bromethalin (92)+TX, calcium cyanide (444)+TX, chloralose (127)+TX, chlorophacinone (140)+TX, cholecalciferol (alternative name) (850)+TX, coumachlor (1004)+TX, coumafuryl (1005)+TX, coumatetralyl (175)+TX, crimidine (1009)+TX, difenacoum (246)+TX, difethialone (249)+TX, diphacinone (273)+TX, ergocalciferol (301)+TX, flocoumafen (357)+TX, fluoroacetamide (379)+TX, flupropadine (1183)+TX, flupropadine hydrochloride (1183)+TX, gamma-HCH (430)+TX, HCH (430)+TX, hydrogen cyanide (444)+TX, iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542)+TX, lindane (430)+TX, magnesium phosphide (IUPAC name) (640)+TX, methyl bromide (537)+TX, norbormide (1318)+TX, phosacetim (1336)+TX, phosphine (IUPAC name) (640)+TX, phosphorus [CCN]+TX, pindone (1341)+TX, potassium arsenite [CCN]+TX, pyrinuron (1371)+TX, scilliroside (1390)+TX, sodium arsenite [CCN]+TX, sodium cyanide (444)+TX, sodium fluoroacetate (735)+TX, strychnine (745)+TX, thallium sulfate [CCN]+TX, warfarin (851) and zinc phosphide (640)+TX, a synergist selected from the group of substances consisting of 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl piperonylate (IUPAC name) (934)+TX, 5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-enone (IUPAC name) (903)+TX, farnesol with nerolidol (alternative name) (324)+TX, MB-599 (development code) (498)+TX, MGK 264 (development code) (296)+TX, piperonyl butoxide (649)+TX, piprotal (1343)+TX, propyl isomer (1358)+TX, S421 (development code) (724)+TX, sesamex (1393)+TX, sesasmolin (1394) and sulfoxide (1406)+TX, an animal repellent selected from the group of substances consisting of anthraquinone (32)+TX, chloralose (127)+TX, copper naphthenate [CCN]+TX, copper oxychloride (171)+TX, diazinon (227)+TX, dicyclopentadiene (chemical name) (1069)+TX, guazatine (422)+TX, guazatine acetates (422)+TX, methiocarb (530)+TX, pyridin-4-amine (IUPAC name) (23)+TX, thiram (804)+TX, trimethacarb (840)+TX, zinc naphthenate [CCN] and ziram (856)+TX, a virucide selected from the group of substances consisting of imanin (alternative name) [CCN] and ribavirin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, a wound protectant selected from the group of substances consisting of mercuric oxide (512)+TX, octhilinone (590) and thiophanate-methyl (802)+TX, and biologically active compounds selected from the group consisting of azaconazole (60207-31-0]+TX, bitertanol [70585-36-3]+TX, bromuconazole [116255-48-2]+TX, cyproconazole [94361-06-5]+TX, difenoconazole [119446-68-3]+TX, diniconazole [83657-24-3]+TX, epoxiconazole [106325-08-0]+TX, fenbuconazole [114369-43-6]+TX, fluquinconazole [136426-54-5]+TX, flusilazole [85509-19-9]+TX, flutriafol [76674-21-0]+TX, hexaconazole [79983-71-4]+TX, imazalil [35554-44-0]+TX, imibenconazole [86598-92-7]+TX, ipconazole [125225-28-7]+TX, metconazole [125116-23-6]+TX, myclobutanil [88671-89-0]+TX, pefurazoate [101903-30-4]+TX, penconazole [66246-88-6]+TX, prothioconazole [178928-70-6]+TX, pyrifenox [88283-41-4]+TX, prochloraz [67747-09-5]+TX, propiconazole [60207-90-1]+TX, simeconazole [149508-90-7]+TX, tebuconazole [107534-96-3]+TX, tetraconazole [112281-77-3]+TX, triadimefon [43121-43-3]+TX, triadimenol [55219-65-3]+TX, triflumizole [99387-89-0]+TX, triticonazole [131983-72-7]+TX, ancymidol [12771-68-5]+TX, fenarimol [60168-88-9]+TX, nuarimol [63284-71-9]+TX, bupirimate [41483-43-6]+TX, dimethirimol [5221-53-4]+TX, ethirimol [23947-60-6]+TX, dodemorph [1593-77-7]+TX, fenpropidine [67306-00-7]+TX, fenpropimorph [67564-91-4]+TX, spiroxamine [118134-30-8]+TX, tridemorph [81412-43-3]+TX, cyprodinil [121552-61-2]+TX, mepanipyrim [110235-47-7]+TX, pyrimethanil [53112-28-0]+TX, fenpiclonil [74738-17-3]+TX, fludioxonil [131341-86-1]+TX, benalaxyl [71626-11-4]+TX, furalaxyl [57646-30-7]+TX, metalaxyl [57837-19-1]+TX, R-metalaxyl [70630-17-0]+TX, ofurace [58810-48-3]+TX, oxadixyl [77732-09-3]+TX, benomyl [17804-35-2]+TX, carbendazim [10605-21-7]+TX, debacarb [62732-91-6]+TX, fuberidazole [3878-19-1]+TX, thiabendazole [148-79-8]+TX, chlozolinate [84332-86-5]+TX, dichlozoline [24201-58-9]+TX, iprodione [36734-19-7]+TX, myclozoline [54864-61-8]+TX, procymidone [32809-16-8]+TX, vinclozoline [50471-44-8]+TX, boscalid [188425-85-6]+TX, carboxin [5234-68-4]+TX, fenfuram [24691-80-3]+TX, flutolanil [66332-96-5]+TX, mepronil [55814-41-0]+TX, oxycarboxin [5259-88-1]+TX, penthiopyrad [183675-82-3]+TX, thifluzamide [130000-40-7]+TX, guazatine [108173-90-6]+TX, dodine [2439-10-3] [112-65-2] (free base)+TX, iminoctadine [13516-27-3]+TX, azoxystrobin [131860-33-8]+TX, dimoxystrobin [149961-52-4]+TX, enestroburin {Proc. BCPC, Int. Congr., Glasgow, 2003, 1, 93}+TX, fluoxastrobin [361377-29-9]+TX, kresoxim-methyl [143390-89-0]+TX, metominostrobin [133408-50-1]+TX, trifloxystrobin [141517-21-7]+TX, orysastrobin [248593-16-0]+TX, picoxystrobin [117428-22-5]+TX, pyraclostrobin [175013-18-0]+TX, ferbam [14484-64-1]+TX, mancozeb [8018-01-7]+TX, maneb [12427-38-2]+TX, metiram [9006-42-2]+TX, propineb [12071-83-9]+TX, thiram [137-26-8]+TX, zineb [12122-67-7]+TX, ziram [137-30-4]+TX, captafol [2425-06-1]+TX, captan [133-06-2]+TX, dichlofluanid [1085-98-9]+TX, fluoroimide [41205-21-4]+TX, folpet [133-07-3]+TX, tolylfluanid [731-27-1]+TX, bordeaux mixture [8011-63-0]+TX, copperhydroxid [20427-59-2]+TX, copperoxychlorid [1332-40-7]+TX, coppersulfat [7758-98-7]+TX, copperoxid [1317-39-1]+TX, mancopper [53988-93-5]+TX, oxine-copper [10380-28-6]+TX, dinocap [131-72-6]+TX, nitrothal-isopropyl [10552-74-6]+TX, edifenphos [17109-49-8]+TX, iprobenphos [26087-47-8]+TX, isoprothiolane [50512-35-1]+TX, phosdiphen [36519-00-3]+TX, pyrazophos [13457-18-6]+TX, tolclofos-methyl [57018-04-9]+TX, acibenzolar-S-methyl [135158-54-2]+TX, anilazine [101-05-3]+TX, benthiavalicarb [413615-35-7]+TX, blasticidin-S [2079-00-7]+TX, chinomethionat [2439-01-2]+TX, chloroneb [2675-77-6]+TX, chlorothalonil [1897-45-6]+TX, cyflufenamid [180409-60-3]+TX, cymoxanil [57966-95-7]+TX, dichlone [117-80-6]+TX, diclocymet [139920-32-4]+TX, diclomezine [62865-36-5]+TX, dicloran [99-30-9]+TX, diethofencarb [87130-20-9]+TX, dimethomorph [110488-70-5]+TX, SYP-L190 (Flumorph) [211867-47-9]+TX, dithianon [3347-22-6]+TX, ethaboxam [162650-77-3]+TX, etridiazole [2593-15-9]+TX, famoxadone [131807-57-3]+TX, fenamidone [161326-34-7]+TX, fenoxanil [115852-48-7]+TX, fentin [668-34-8]+TX, ferimzone [89269-64-7]+TX, fluazinam [79622-59-6]+TX, fluopicolide [239110-15-7]+TX, flusulfamide [106917-52-6]+TX, fenhexamid [126833-17-8]+TX, fosetyl-aluminium [39148-24-8]+TX, hymexazol [10004-44-1]+TX, iprovalicarb [140923-17-7]+TX, IKF-916 (Cyazofamid) [120116-88-3]+TX, kasugamycin [6980-18-3]+TX, methasulfocarb [66952-49-6]+TX, metrafenone [220899-03-6]+TX, pencycuron [66063-05-6]+TX, phthalide [27355-22-2]+TX, polyoxins [11113-80-7]+TX, probenazole [27605-76-1]+TX, propamocarb [25606-41-1]+TX, proquinazid [189278-12-4]+TX, pyroquilon [57369-32-1]+TX, quinoxyfen [124495-18-7]+TX, quintozene [82-68-8]+TX, sulfur [7704-34-9]+TX, tiadinil [223580-51-6]+TX, triazoxide [72459-58-6]+TX, tricyclazole [41814-78-2]+TX, triforine [26644-46-2]+TX, validamycin [37248-47-8]+TX, zoxamide (RH7281) [156052-68-5]+TX, mandipropamid [374726-62-2]+TX, isopyrazam [881685-58-1]+TX, sedaxane [874967-67-6]+TX, 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (9-dichloromethylene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methano-naphthalen-5-yl)-amide (disclosed in WO 2007/048556)+TX, 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (3′,4′,5′-trifluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-amide (disclosed in WO 2006/087343)+TX, [(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)-2H,11Hnaphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-4-yl]methyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate [915972-17-7]+TX and 1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-N-[3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide [926914-55-8]+TX.

The references in brackets behind the active ingredients, e.g. [3878-19-1] refer to the Chemical Abstracts Registry number. The above described mixing partners are known. Where the active ingredients are included in “The Pesticide Manual” [The Pesticide Manual—A World Compendium; Thirteenth Edition; Editor: C. D. S. TomLin; The British Crop Protection Council], they are described therein under the entry number given in round brackets hereinabove for the particular compound; for example, the compound “abamectin” is described under entry number (1). Where “[CCN]” is added hereinabove to the particular compound, the compound in question is included in the “Compendium of Pesticide Common Names”, which is accessible on the internet [A. Wood; Compendium of Pesticide Common Names, Copyright 1995-2004]; for example, the compound “acetoprole” is described under the internet address http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/acetoprole.html.

Most of the active ingredients described above are referred to hereinabove by a so-called “common name”, the relevant “ISO common name” or another “common name” being used in individual cases. If the designation is not a “common name”, the nature of the designation used instead is given in round brackets for the particular compound; in that case, the IUPAC name, the IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name, a “chemical name”, a “traditional name”, a “compound name” or a “development code” is used or, if neither one of those designations nor a “common name” is used, an “alternative name” is employed. “CAS Reg. No” means the Chemical Abstracts Registry Number.

The active ingredient mixture of the compounds of formula I selected from Tables 1 to 6 with active ingredients described above comprises a compound selected from Tables 1 to 6 and an active ingredient as described above preferably in a mixing ratio of from 100:1 to 1:6000, especially from 50:1 to 1:50, more especially in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1:20, even more especially from 10:1 to 1:10, very especially from 5:1 and 1:5, special preference being given to a ratio of from 2:1 to 1:2, and a ratio of from 4:1 to 2:1 being likewise preferred, above all in a ratio of 1:1, or 5:1, or 5:2, or 5:3, or 5:4, or 4:1, or 4:2, or 4:3, or 3:1, or 3:2, or 2:1, or 1:5, or 2:5, or 3:5, or 4:5, or 1:4, or 2:4, or 3:4, or 1:3, or 2:3, or 1:2, or 1:600, or 1:300, or 1:150, or 1:35, or 2:35, or 4:35, or 1:75, or 2:75, or 4:75, or 1:6000, or 1:3000, or 1:1500, or 1:350, or 2:350, or 4:350, or 1:750, or 2:750, or 4:750. Those mixing ratios are by weight.

The mixtures as described above can be used in a method for controlling pests, which comprises applying a composition comprising a mixture as described above to the pests or their environment, with the exception of a method for treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy and diagnostic methods practised on the human or animal body.

The mixtures comprising a compound of formula I selected from Tables 1 to 6 and one or more active ingredients as described above can be applied, for example, in a single “ready-mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active ingredient components, such as a “tank-mix”, and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days. The order of applying the compounds of formula I selected from Tables 1 to 6 and the active ingredients as described above is not essential for working the present invention.

The compositions according to the invention can also comprise further solid or liquid auxiliaries, such as stabilizers, for example unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils (for example epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya oil), antifoams, for example silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers, fertilizers or other active ingredients for achieving specific effects, for example bactericides, fungicides, nematocides, plant activators, molluscicides or herbicides.

The compositions according to the invention are prepared in a manner known per se, in the absence of auxiliaries for example by grinding, screening and/or compressing a solid active ingredient and in the presence of at least one auxiliary for example by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with the auxiliary (auxiliaries). These processes for the preparation of the compositions and the use of the compounds I for the preparation of these compositions are also a subject of the invention.

The application methods for the compositions, that is the methods of controlling pests of the abovementioned type, such as spraying, atomizing, dusting, brushing on, dressing, scattering or pouring—which are to be selected to suit the intended aims of the prevailing circumstances—and the use of the compositions for controlling pests of the abovementioned type are other subjects of the invention. Typical rates of concentration are between 0.1 and 1000 ppm, preferably between 0.1 and 500 ppm, of active ingredient. The rate of application per hectare is generally 1 to 2000 g of active ingredient per hectare, in particular 10 to 1000 g/ha, preferably 10 to 600 g/ha.

A preferred method of application in the field of crop protection is application to the foliage of the plants (foliar application), it being possible to select frequency and rate of application to match the danger of infestation with the pest in question. Alternatively, the active ingredient can reach the plants via the root system (systemic action), by drenching the locus of the plants with a liquid composition or by incorporating the active ingredient in solid form into the locus of the plants, for example into the soil, for example in the form of granules (soil application). In the case of paddy rice crops, such granules can be metered into the flooded paddy-field.

The compounds of the invention and compositions thereof are also be suitable for the protection of plant propagation material, for example seeds, such as fruit, tubers or kernels, or nursery plants, against pests of the abovementioned type. The propagation material can be treated with the compound prior to planting, for example seed can be treated prior to sowing. Alternatively, the compound can be applied to seed kernels (coating), either by soaking the kernels in a liquid composition or by applying a layer of a solid composition. It is also possible to apply the compositions when the propagation material is planted to the site of application, for example into the seed furrow during drilling. These treatment methods for plant propagation material and the plant propagation material thus treated are further subjects of the invention. Typical treatment rates would depend on the plant and pest/fungi to be controlled and are generally between 1 to 200 grams per 100 kg of seeds, preferably between 5 to 150 grams per 100 kg of seeds, such as between 10 to 100 grams per 100 kg of seeds.

The term seed embraces seeds and plant propagules of all kinds including but not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corns, bulbs, fruit, tubers, grains, rhizomes, cuttings, cut shoots and the like and means in a preferred embodiment true seeds.

The present invention also comprises seeds coated or treated with or containing a compound of formula I. The term “coated or treated with and/or containing” generally signifies that the active ingredient is for the most part on the surface of the seed at the time of application, although a greater or lesser part of the ingredient may penetrate into the seed material, depending on the method of application. When the said seed product is (re)planted, it may absorb the active ingredient. In an embodiment, the present invention makes available a plant propagation material adhered thereto with a compound of formula (I). Further, it is hereby made available, a composition comprising a plant propagation material treated with a compound of formula (I).

Seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking and seed pelleting. The seed treatment application of the compound formula (I) can be carried out by any known methods, such as spraying or by dusting the seeds before sowing or during the sowing/planting of the seeds.

BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES Example B1: Activity Against Spodoptera littoralis (Egyptian Cotton Leaf Worm)

Larvicide, Feeding/Residual Contact Activity, Preventive

Cotton leaf discs were placed on agar in a 24-well microtiter plate and sprayed with test solutions.

After drying, the leaf discs were infested with 5 L1 larvae. The samples were checked for mortality, repellent effect, feeding behaviour, and growth regulation 3 days after treatment (DAT).

In this test, compounds P1, P2, P4, P5, P7, P10, P12, P15, P16, P20, P21, P22, P24, P33, P46, P48, P56, P59, P60, P61, P62, P63, P64, P65, P66, P68, P69 and P71 showed an activity of over 80% at a concentration of 400 ppm.

Example B2: Activity Against Spodoptera littoralis (Egyptian Cotton Leaf Worm)

(Systemic Activity)

Test compounds were applied by pipette into 24 well plates and mixed with agar. Lettuce seeds were placed on the agar and the multi well plate is closed by another plate which contains also agar. After 7 days the roots have absorbed the compound and the lettuce has grown into the lid plate. The lettuce leaves were now cut off into the lid plate. Spodoptera eggs were pipetted through a plastic stencil on a humid gel blotting paper and the plate closed with it. The samples are checked for mortality, repellent effect, feeding behavior, and growth regulation 5 days after infestation.

In this test, compounds P2, P5, P7, P33, P60, P65, P66 and P68 showed an activity of at least 80% at a concentration of 12.5 ppm.

Example B3: Activity Against Plutella xylostella (Diamond Back Moth)

(Larvicide, Feeding/Residual Contact Activity, Preventive)

24-well microtiter plate (MTP) with artificial diet was treated with test solutions by pipetting. After drying, the MTPs were infested with L2 larvae (10-15 per well). After an incubation period of 5 days, samples were checked for larval mortality, antifeedant and growth regulation.

In this test, compounds P1, P2, P4, P5, P7, P12, P24, P29, P33, P59, P60, P61, P62, P66, P67, P68, P69, P71, P72 and P76 showed an activity of over 80% at a concentration of 400 ppm.

Example B4: Activity Against Diabrotica Balteata (Corn Root Worm)

(Larvae L2 on Maize Sprouts, Feeding/Contact, Preventative)

Maize sprouts, placed on an agar layer in 24 well micro titer plates were treated with test solutions by spraying. After drying, the MTPs were infested with L2 larvae (6-10 per well). After an incubation period of 5 days, samples were checked for larval mortality and growth regulation.

In this test, compounds P1, P2, P5, P7, P10, P11, P15, P16, P20, P21, P22, P24, P35, P46, P48, P54, P55, P56, P59, P60, P61, P62, P63, P64, P65, P66, P67, P68, P69, P70, P71 and P76 showed an activity of over 80% at a concentration of 400 ppm.

Example B5: Activity Against Myzus persicae (Green Peach Aphid)

(Feeding/Residual Contact Activity, Preventive), Mixed Population

Sunflower leaf discs were placed on agar in a 24-well microtiter plate and sprayed with test solutions. After drying, the leaf discs were infested with an aphid population of mixed ages. After an incubation period of 6 DAT, samples were checked for mortality and special effects (e.g. phytotoxicity).

In this test, compounds P1, P2, P7, P8, P15, P16, P19, P20, P22, P24, P30, P33, P34, P46, P48, P53, P55, P58, P59, P60, P61, P62, P66, P68, P69 and P71 showed an activity of over 80% at a concentration of 400 ppm.

Example B6: Activity Against Myzus persicae (Green Peach Aphid)

(Feeding Activity Sachet Test), Mixed Population

Test compounds were applied by pipette into 24 well plates and mixed with Sucrose solution. The plates were closed with a stretched Parafilm. A plastic stencil with 24 holes is placed onto the plate and infested pea seedlings were placed directly on the Parafilm. The infested plate is closed with a gel blotting paper and another plastic stencil and then turned upside down. 5 days after infestation the samples were checked on mortality. Application rate: 12.5 ppm.

In this test, compounds P2, P7, P15, P20, P22, P24, P30 and P33 showed an activity of at least 80% at a concentration of 12.5 ppm.

Example B7: Activity Against Myzus persicae (Green Peach Aphid)

(Systemic/Feeding Activity, Curative), Mixed Population

Roots of pea seedlings, infested with an aphid population of mixed ages, were placed directly in the test solutions. 6 days after introduction, samples were checked for mortality and special effects on the plant.

In this test, compounds P2, P6, P7, P8, P14, P34, P35, P55, P58, P60, P66, P68, P69 and P71 showed an activity of at least 80% at a concentration of 24 ppm.

Example B8: Activity Against Thrips tabaci (Onion Thrips)

(Mixed Population, Feeding/Residual Contact Activity, Preventive)

Sunflower leaf discs were placed on agar in a 24-well microtiter plate and sprayed with test solutions. After drying, the leaf discs were infested with a thrips population of mixed ages. After an incubation period of 7 days, samples were checked for mortality and special effects (e.g. phytotoxicity).

In this test, compounds P1, P2, P59, P60, P65, P67, P72 and P76 showed an activity of over 80% at a concentration of 400 ppm.

Example B9: Activity Against Bemisia tabaci (Cotton White Fly)

(Adulticide Contact Activity, Preventative), Adult

Cotton leaf discs were placed on agar in a 24-well microtiter plate and sprayed with test solutions. After drying, the leaf discs were infested with adult white flies. After an incubation period of 7 DAT, samples were checked for mortality and special effects (e.g. phytotoxicity).

In this test, compounds P1, P2, P7, P8, P48, P49, P58, P59, P60, P61, P68 and P69 showed an activity of over 80% at a concentration of 400 ppm.

Example B10: Activity Against Euschistus heros (Neotropical Brown Stink Bug)

Soybean leaf on agar in 24-well microtiter plates were sprayed with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10′000 ppm DMSO stock solutions. After drying the leaf were infested with N-2 nymphs. The samples were assessed for mortality 5 days after infestation.

In this test, compounds P48, P62 and P69 showed an activity of over 80% at a concentration of 400 ppm.

Example B11: Activity Against Frankliniella occidentalis (Western Flower Thrips)

(Mixed Population, Feeding/Contact, Preventative)

Sunflower leaf discs are placed on agar in a 24-well microtiter plate and sprayed with test solutions. After drying, the leaf discs are infested with a Frankliniella population of mixed ages. After an incubation period of 7 DAT, samples are checked for mortality and special effects (e.g. phytotoxicity). In this test, compound P42 showed an activity of over 80% at a concentration of 400 ppm.

Example B12: Activity Against Tetranychus urticae (Two-Spotted Spider Mite)

Bean leaf discs on agar in 24-well microtiter plates were sprayed with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10′000 ppm DMSO stock solutions. After drying the leaf discs were infested with a mite population of mixed ages. The samples were assessed for mortality on mixed population (mobile stages) 8 days after infestation.

The following compounds resulted in at least 80% mortality at an application rate of 400 ppm: P6, P11, P29 and P57.

Example B13: Activity Against Aedes aegypti (Yellow Fever Mosquito)

Test solutions, at an application rate of 200 ppm in ethanol, were applied to 12-well tissue culture plates. Once the deposits were dry, five, two to five days old adult female Aedes aegypti were added to each well, and sustained with a 10% sucrose solution in a cotton wool plug. Assessment of knockdown was made one hour after introduction, and mortality was assessed at 24 and 48 hours after introduction.

The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Aedes aegypti after 48 hours: P60 and P62. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A compound of formula I-1

wherein G₁ is nitrogen or CR₂; G₂ is nitrogen or CR₃; G₃ is nitrogen or CR₄; G₄ is nitrogen or CR₅; G₅ is nitrogen or CR₆, with the proviso that not more than 2 nitrogens as G may follow consecutively; R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅ or R₆ are, independently from each other, hydrogen, halogen, C₁-C₄haloalkyl, C₁-C₄haloalkyl substituted by one or two hydroxy, C₁-C₄haloalkyl substituted by one or two methoxy, C₁-C₄haloalkyl substituted by one or two cyano; or R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅ or R₆, independently from each other, are C₁-C₄haloalkylthio, C₁-C₄haloalkylsulfonyl, O(C₁-C₄haloalkyl), SF₅, phenylcarbonylthio, cyano, mercapto, C₁-C₄alkoxycarbonyl, or —C(O)C₁-C₄haloalkyl; or two adjacent R_(i), wherein R_(i) is selected from R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅ and R₆, taken together may form a fragment —OCH₂O— or —OCF₂O—; X₁ is S, SO or SO₂; Ra₁ is hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; R₁₁ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl or cyclopropylmethyl; and R₈ is hydrogen, C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof.
 2. The compound of formula I-1 according to claim 1, wherein G₁ is N, G₂ is CH, G₃ is CH, G₄ is C(CF₃) and G₅ is CH.
 3. The compound of formula I-1 according to claim 1, wherein G₁ is CH, G₂ is N, G₃ is CH, G₄ is C(CF₃) and G₅ is CH.
 4. A compound of formula I-2

wherein a) G₁ is N, G₂ is CH, G₃ is CH, G₄ is C(CF₃) and G₅ is CH or, b) G₁ is CH, G₂ is N, G₃ is CH, G₄ is C(CF₃) and G₅ is CH; X₂ is S, SO or SO₂; Ra₂ is hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; R₁₂ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl or cyclopropylmethyl; R₈ is hydrogen, C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or an N-oxide thereof.
 5. The compound of formula I-2 according to claim 4, wherein G₁ is N, G₂ is CH, G₃ is CH, G₄ is C(CF₃) and G₅ is CH.
 6. The compound of formula I-2 according to claim 4, wherein G₁ is CH, G₂ is N, G₃ is CH, G₄ is C(CF₃) and G₅ is CH.
 7. A compound of formula I-4

wherein A is N or CH; R₁₀′ is a diazine radical selected from the group consisting of formula DA1 to DA5,

wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the triazole ring, and said group R₁₀′ may be mono- or polysubstituted by substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C₁-C₄haloalkoxy or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; X₄ is S, SO or SO₂; Ra₄ is hydrogen, C₁-C₄haloalkoxy or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; R₁₄ is C₁-C₄alkyl or C₃-C₆cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄alkyl; and R₈ is hydrogen or C₁-C₄alkyl.
 8. A pesticidal composition, which comprises at least one compound of formula I-1 according to claim 1, formula I-2 according to claim 4, or formula I-4 according to claim 7, or, where appropriate, a tautomer thereof, in each case in free form or in agrochemically utilizable salt form, as active ingredient and at least one auxiliary.
 9. A method for controlling pests, which comprises applying a composition according to claim 8 to the pests or their environment with the exception of a method for treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy and diagnostic methods practised on the human or animal body.
 10. A method for the protection of plant propagation material from the attack by pests, which comprises treating the propagation material or the site, where the propagation material is planted, with a composition according to claim
 8. 11. Plant propagation material treated in accordance with the method described in claim
 10. 12. A compound of formula (X)

wherein Q is a radical selected from the group consisting of formula Q₁ to Q₂:

wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the triazole ring; and wherein X is S, SO or SO₂; each R is, independently from each other, hydrogen, halogen, C₁-C₄haloalkoxy or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; each R₁ is, independently from each other, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄alkyl, C₃-C₆halocycloalkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆haloalkenyl or C₂-C₆alkynyl; and each R₇ is, independently from each other, hydrogen or halogen; and R₈ is hydrogen, C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; and L_(G) is iodine or bromine.
 13. A compound of formula (XII)

wherein Q is a radical selected from the group consisting of formula Q₁ to Q₂:

wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the triazole ring; and wherein X is S, SO or SO₂; each R is, independently from each other, hydrogen, halogen, C₁-C₄haloalkoxy or C₁-C₄haloalkyl; each R₁ is, independently from each other, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄alkyl, C₃-C₆halocycloalkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆haloalkenyl or C₂-C₆alkynyl; and each R₇ is, independently from each other, hydrogen or halogen; and R₈ is hydrogen, C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄haloalkyl. 